英文视频｜腰椎解剖和重点词汇汇总

机器翻译字幕，仅供参考：

Vertebra椎骨

Cervical Spine颈椎

Thoracic Spine(kyphosis)胸椎(后凸)

Lumbar Spine(lordosis)腰椎（前凸）

Sacrum骶骨

Sacroiliac (SI)Joints骶髂关节(SI)

Vertebral Body椎体

Spinal Cord脊髓

Spinal Canal 椎管

Cauda Equina马尾神经

Lumbar Nerve Roots腰神经根

Lumbar Nerve Distribution腰椎神经分布

Thoracic Nerve Distribution胸椎神经分布

Cervical Nerve Distribution颈神经分布

Spinal Segment脊柱节段

Nerve Root神经根

Intervertebral Disc椎间盘

Facet Joints小关节

Nucleus Pulposus髓核

Annulus Fibrosus纤维环

Articular Cartilage关节软骨

Neural Foramen神经孔

Lumbar Ligaments腰椎韧带

Lumbar Muscles腰椎肌肉

Superficial Layer 表层

Middle Layer中间层

补充文章：

from：

https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/spine-anatomy/lumbar-spine-anatomy-and-pain

The lower back comprises the lumbar spine, which is formed by vertebral bones, intervertebral discs, nerves, muscles, ligaments, and blood vessels. The spinal cord ends at the top of the lumbar spine, and the remaining nerve roots, called the cauda equina, descend down the remainder of the spinal canal. 

下背部包括腰椎，由椎骨、椎间盘、神经、肌肉、韧带和血管组成。脊髓结束于腰椎的顶部，剩下的神经根，称为马尾神经，向下延伸至椎管的剩余部分。

While the lumbar spine is sturdy and resilient, it is subject to a high degree of stress and loads, which may cause various problems, resulting in pain. This article provides an overview of the lumbar spine including its anatomy and the potential problems that can occur in this region. 

虽然腰椎是坚固和有弹性的，但它受到高度的压力和负荷，这可能会引起各种问题，导致疼痛。这篇文章提供了一个腰椎的概述，包括它的解剖和可能发生在这个区域的潜在问题。

Functions of the Lumbar Spine 

The lower back performs the following important functions: 

Support and stabilize the upper body. The 5 lumbar vertebrae are the largest compared to other spinal regions. 1,2 In conjunction with the muscles and ligaments, these vertebrae help support the weight of the upper body, including the head and neck. The lumbar spine also transfers loads from the upper body to the legs.2 

Allow truncal movements. The lower back is the primary facilitator for movements of the trunk in various directions, including front and back, side to side, and twisting movements.3 Movement mostly occurs in the last two vertebral levels.4 

Protect the spinal cord and cauda equina. The upper lumbar vertebrae protect the spinal cord in their vertebral arches. The lower vertebrae provide a bony enclosure for the cauda equina nerves that descend from the spinal cord. 

Control leg movements. The lumbar spinal nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and cauda equina to control movements and sensation in the legs. 

When viewed from the side, the lumbar spine has a concave lordotic curve that helps distribute weights and reduce the concentration of stresses. An increase or decrease in this lordosis may contribute to lower back pain. 

腰椎的功能

下背部有以下重要功能:

支撑和稳定上半身。与其他脊柱区域相比，5腰椎是最大的。与肌肉和韧带一起，这些椎骨帮助支撑上半身的重量，包括头部和颈部。腰椎也将负载从上半身转移到腿部

使躯干的运动。下背部是躯干各个方向运动的主要促进者，包括前后、左右和扭转运动运动主要发生在最后两个椎节

保护脊髓和马尾神经。上腰椎在其椎弓中保护脊髓。较低的椎骨为从脊髓延伸下来的马尾神经提供了一个骨性外壳。

控制腿部运动。腰椎神经从脊髓和马尾神经分支出来控制腿部运动和感觉的腰椎神经

当从侧面看时，腰椎有一个凹的前凸曲线，这有助于分配重量和减少应力的集中。脊柱前凸的增加或减少可能导致腰痛。