预防医学的营养学 Nutrition in Preventive Medicine

这是一门医学院的课程。我会用一周左右的时间和大家分享。这是我业余时间的自学资料，欢迎分享讨论。

The Nutrition in Preventive Medicine Module has been made  possible through the Nutrition Academic Award Program funded by the  National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes  of Health.

各个章节的参考资料见下

Introduction

Van Woerkum CM. Nutrition guidance by primary care physicians: models  and circumstances. Eur J Clin Nutr 53 supp2:S19-21, 1999.

Moore H, Adamson AJ, Gill T, Waine C. Nutrition and the health care  agenda: a primary care perspective. Fam Pract. 17:197-202, 2000.

Power ML, Holzman GB, Schulkin J. Knowledge and clinical practice  regarding folic acid among obstetrician-gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol.  95:895-8, 2000.

Albrecht LJ. Paging Dr. Apple, Dr. Squash, Dr. Spinach...Patients'  curiosity pressuring physicians to increase nutrition knowledge. Tex  Med. 90:16-17, 1994.

Feldman EB. Nutrition concepts for the primary care/generalist  physician. South Med J. 88:204-16, 1995.

Halsted CH. The relevance of clinical nutrition education and role  models to the practice of medicine. Eur J Clin Nutr. 53 supp2:S29-34, 1999.

Feldman EB. Role of nutrition in primary care. Nutrition 16:649-51, 2000.

Walker AR. Dietary trends in the United States. N Engl J Med.  336:584-5. 1997.

Eshleman AM. Dietary trends in the United States. N Engl J Med.  336:583-4. 1997.

Section 1

American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), American Dietetic  Association (ADA), and Dietitians of Canada Position Stand: Nutrition  Athletic Performance. Med Sci:Sports Ex 32(12) 2130-45, 2000.

Boutwell RK. Nutrition and carcinogenesis: historical highlights and  future prospects. Adv Exp Med Biol. 369:111-23, 1995.

Barbul A. Immunonutrition comes of age. Crit Care Med. 28:884-5, 2000.

Campbell WW, Crim ML, Dallal DE, et al. Increased protein  requirements in the elderly: new dataand retrospective reassessments.  AJCN 60:167-175, 1994.

Kelley DS, Bendich A. Essential nutrients and immunologic functions.  Am J Clin Nutr. 63:994S-996S. Review. 1996.

Dupont J, Holub BJ, Knapp HR, Meydani M. Fatty acid-related  functions. Am J Clin Nutr. 63:991S-993S. Review. 1996.

American Society for Clinical Nutrition and American Institute of  Nutrition. Position paper on trans fatty acids. ASCN/AIN Task Force on  Trans Fatty Acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 63:663-70. Review 1996.

Zeisel SH. Choline: an essential nutrient for humans. Nutrition  16:669-71, 2000.

Dwyer H, Old wine in new bottles? The RDA and the DRI. Nutrition  16:488-92, 2000.

Monsen ER. Dietary reference intakes for the antioxidant nutrients:  vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids J Am Diet Assoc. 100:637-40,2000.

Nordin BC. Calcium requirement is a sliding scale. Am J Clin Nutr.  71:1381-3, 2000.

Rose VL. IOM recommends increased calcium intakes. Am Fam Physician.  57:1145-6 1998.

Bryant RJ, Cadogan J, Weaver CM. The new dietary reference intakes  for calcium: implications for osteoporosis. J Am Coll Nutr. 18(5  suppl):406S-412S. Review. 1999.

Utiger RD. The need for more vitamin D. N Engl J Med. 338:828-9. 1998.

Valk EE, Hornstra G. Relationship between vitamin E requirement and  polyunsaturated acid intake in man: a review. Int J Vitam Nutr Res.  70:31-42, 2000.

Park YK, Sempos CT, Barton, CN, Vanderveen JE, Yetley EA.  Effectiveness of food fortification in the United States: the case of  pellagra. Am J Public Health. 90:727-38, 2000.

Weisburger JH. Optimal daily intakes of micronutrients. Nutrition.  16:243-4, 2000.

Blumberg JB. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin E. Nutrition  15:797-9. 1999

Carr AC, Frei B. Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for  vitamin C based antioxidant and health effects in humans. Am J Clin  Nutr 69:1086-107. Review 1999.

Beyersdorf B, White JR. Sorting through the hype about RDA's.  Postgrad Med. 105:36 1999.

Institute of Medicine Workshop on Folate, B12, and Choline. Sponsored  by the Panel on Folate and other B vitamins of the Standing Committee  on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and  Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC, March 3-4, 1997.

Bailey LB. Dietary reference intakes for folate: the debut of dietary  equivalents. Nutr Rev. 56:294-9. Review. 1998.

Klevay LM. Lack of a recommended dietary allowance for copper may be  hazardous to your health. J Am Coll Nutr. 17:322-6. Review. 1998.

Aggett PJ, Fairweather-Tait S. Adaptation to high and low copper  intakes: its relevance to estimated safe and adequate daily dietary  intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 67 (5 suppl):1061S-1063S. Review. 1998.

Booth SL, Suttie JW. Dietary intake and adequacy of vitamin K. J  Nutr. 128:785-8. Review. 1998.

Nandi BK. Harmonization of recommended dietary allowances:  implications and approach. Nutr Rev. 56:S53-6. Review. 1998.

Jacob A. Recommended dietary allowances: a nutrition practitioner's  perspective. Nutr Rev. 56:S48-52. Review. 1998.

Schorin MD. Recommended dietary allowances: the industry perspective.  Nutr Rev. 56:S45-7. Review. 1998.

Florentino RF. Recommended dietary allowances: regulatory  perspectives. Nutr Rev. 56:S40-4. Review. 1998.

Lachance PA. Overview of key nutrients: micronutrient aspects. Nutr  Rev. 56:S34-9. Review. 1998.

Yates AA. Overview of key nutrients: energy and macronutrient  aspects. Nutr Rev.

Yates AA. Process and development of dietary reference intakes:  basis, need, and application of recommended dietary allowances. Nutr  Rev. 56:S5-9. Review. 1998.

Section 2

US Department of Agriculture, US Department of Health and Human  Services: Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans  4th ed. Hyattsville, MD, USDA's Human Nutrition Information Service, 1995.

Johnson RK, Kennedy E. The 2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans:  what are the changes and why were they made? The Dietary Guidelines  Advisory Committee. J Am Diet Assoc. 100:769-774, 2000.

Helsing E. The history of nutrition policy. Nutr Rev. 55:S1-3. 1997.

Callaway CW. Dietary guidelines for Americans: an historical  perspective. J Am Coll Nutr. 16:510-6. Review. 1997.

Byers T, Lyle B. The role of epidemiology in determining when  evidence is sufficient to support nutrition recommendations. Summary  statement. Am J Clin Nutr. 69:1365S-1367S. 1999.

Byers T. The role of epidemiology in developing nutritional  recommendations: past, present, and future. Am J Clin Nutr.  69:1304S-1308S, 1999.

The role of epidemiology in determining when evidence is sufficient  to support nutrition recommendations. Proceedings of a workshop  Washington DC, USA. October 7-8, 1997. Am J Clin Nutr. 69:1297S-1367S. 1999.

Nestle M. Dietary guidelines for the year 2000: epidemiology in  action. Nutrition 15:510-11. Review. 1999.

Potischman N, Weed DL. Causal criteria in nutritional epidemiology.  Am J Clin Nutr. 69:1309S-1314S. 1999.

Mertz W. Three decades of dietary recommendations. Nutr Rev.  58:324-31, 2000.

Miller GD. Year 2000 dietary guidelines: new thoughts for a new  millennium. Am J Clin Nutr. 71:657-8, 2000.

Lawrence M, Rayner M. Functional foods and health claims: a public  health policy perspective. Public Health Nutr. 1:75-82, 1998.

Hardy G. Nutraceuticals and functional foods: introduction and  meaning. Nutrition 16:688-9, 2000.

Mertz W. Food fortification in the United States. Nutr Rev. 55:44-9.  Review 1997.

Cleveland LE, Moshfegh AJ, Alberston AM, Goldman JD. Dietary intake  of whole grains. J Am Coll Nutr. 19supp3:331S-338S, 2000.

Kaplan NM. The dietary guideline for sodium: should we shake it up?  No. Am J Clin Nutr. 71:1020-6, 2000.

McCarron DA. The dietary guideline for sodium: should we shake it up?  Yes! Am J Clin Nutr. 71:1013-9, 2000.

Specker BL. Should there be a dietary guideline for calcium intake?  No. Am J Clin Nutr. 71:661-4, 2000.

Heaney RP. There should be a dietary guideline for calcium. Am J Clin  Nutr. 71:658-61, 2000.

Miller GD, Anderson JJ. The role of calcium in the prevention of  chronic diseases. J Am Coll Nutr. 18(5 suppl):371S-372S. Review. 1999.

Krebs NF, Johnson SL. Guidelines for healthy children: promoting  eating, moving, and common sense. J Am Diet Assoc. 100:37-9, 2000.

Kennedy E, Powell R. Changing eating patterns of American children: a  view from 1996. J Am Coll Nutr. 16:510-16. 1997.

Groziak SM, Miller GD. Dietary guidelines for children: where are we  heading? J Nutr. 128:1836-8. Review 1998.

Dwyer J. Should dietary fat recommendations for children be changed?  J Am Diet Assoc. 100:36-7, 2000.

Lichtenstein AH. Dietary fat: a history. Nutr Rev 57:11-14 1999.

Lif****z F. Dietary guidelines with particular emphasis on  nutritional intake of fat and cholesterol. J Am Coll Nutr. 16:507-9 1997.

Lichtenstein AH, Kennedy E, Barrier P, Danford D, Ernst ND, Grundy  SM, Leveille GA, Van Horn L, Williams CL, Booth SL. Dietary fat  consumption and health. Nutr Rev. 56:S3-28. 1998.

Schneeman BO. Dietary guidelines and complex carbohydrates. Adv Exp  Med Biol. 427:51-3. Review. 1997.

Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ. What is a high fiber diet? Adv Exp Med Biol.  427:35-42. Review. 1997.

Krauss RM, Deckelbaum RJ, Ernst N et al. Dietary guidelines for  healthy American adults. A statement for health professionals from the  Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association. Circulation  94:1795-800. 1996.

Section 3

Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood  Cholesterol in Adults: Summary of the second report of the National  Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection,  evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult  Treatment Panel II) JAMA 260:3015-3023, 1993.

Schwartz ID Failure to thrive: an old nemesis in the new millennium.  Pediatr Rev. 21:257-64, 2000.

Hall K, Whiting SJ, Comfort B. Low nutrient intakes contributes to  adverse clinical outcomes in hospitalized elderly patients. Nutr Rev.  58:214-7, 2000.

Kelly IE, Tessier S, Cahill A, Morris SE, Crumley A, McLaughlin D,  McKee, RF, Lean ME. Still hungry in hospital: identifying malnutrition  in acute hospital admissions. QJM 93:93-8, 2000.

Butterworth CE. The skeleton in the hospital closet, 1974. Nutrition  10:435-441, 1994.

Young RC, Blass JP. Iatrogenic nutritional deficiencies. Annu Rev  Nutr. 2:201-27, 1982.

Getchell WS, Svetkey LP, Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Bray GA, Obarzanek E.  Summary of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)  Randomized Clinical Trial. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc 1:295-300, 1999.

American Diabetes Association. Nutrition Recommendations and  Principles for People with Diabetes Mellitus (Position Statement).  Diabetes Care 23 supp1:S43-52, 2000.

Bruer RA, Schmidt RE, Davis H. Nutrition counseling-should physicians  guide their patients? Am J Prev Med. 10:308-11, 1994.

Taubes G. Hypertension. A DASH of date in the salt debate. Science  288:1319, 2000.

Ladipo OA. Nutrition in pregnancy: mineral and vitamin supplements.  Am J Clin Nutr. 72supp1:280S-290S, 2000.

Bailey LB. New standard for dietary folate intake in pregnant women.  Am J Clin Nutr. 71supp5:1304S-7S., 2000.

Adams JF, Engstrom A. Helping consumers achieve recommended intakes  of whole grain foods. J Am Coll Nutr. 19supp3:339S-344S, 2000.

Finn SC. In pursuit of a healthy diet: directions and detours. J  Womens Health Gend Based Med. 8:455-8, 1999.

Bloch AS. Pushing the envelope of nutrition support: complementary  therapies. Nutrition. 16:236-9, 2000.

Haddad EH, Sabate J, Whitten CG. Vegetarian food guide pyramid: a  conceptual framework. Am J Clin Nutr. 70(3suppl):615S - 619S. Review 1999.

Levin A. Nutrition and policy 5: Who should teach patients about  nutrition? Ann Intern Med. 131:317-8. 1999.

Levin A. Nutrition and policy 4: Dietary supplements. Ann Intern Med  131:161-3. 1999.

Levin A. Nutrition and policy 3: Food industry response to  nutritional standards. Ann Intern Med. 130:1033-6. 1999.

Freide AI. Dietary supplements: background for dialogue between the  industry and the medical profession. Food Drug Law J. 53:413-20 1998.

Russell RM, Rassmussen H, Lichtenstein AH. Modified Food Guide  Pyramid for people over seventy years of age. J Nutr. 69:352-3 1999.

Nesheim MC. Dietary supplements. Nutrition. 14:729-30. Review. 1998.

Tripp F. The use of dietary supplements in the elderly: current  issues and recommendations. J Am Diet Assoc. 97(10 suppl 2):S181-3.  Review. 1997.

Oakley GP Jr. Eat right and take a multivitamin. N Engl J Med.  338:1060-1 1998.

Truswell AS. Practical and realistic approaches to healthier diet  modifications. Am J Clin Nutr. 67: (3suppl):583S-90S. Review. 1998.

Glanz K. Behavioral research contributions and needs in cancer  prevention and control: dietary change. Prev Med. 26(5 pt 2):S43-55.  Review. 1997.

Haber B. The Mediterranean diet: a view from history. Am J Clin Nutr.  66(4 suppl):1053S-1057S. 1997.

Conner WE, Connor SL. Should a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet be  recommended for everyone? The case for a low-fat, high-carbohydrate  diet. N Engl J Med. 337:562-3, 566-7. 1997.

Krebs-Smith SM, Cleveland LE, Ballard-Barbash R, Cook DA, Kahle LL.  Characterizing food intake patterns of American adults. Am J Clin  Nutr. 65 (4suppl):1264S-1268S. 1997.

Kumanyika S. Improving our diet-still a long way to go. N Engl J Med.  335:738-40. 1996.

Levine M. Fruits and vegetables: there is no substitute. Am J Clin  Nutr. 64:381-2. 1996.

King AB. Nutrition labeling to prevent deficiency, promote health and  avert toxicity. Nutrition 12:382-3. 1996.

Section 4

ACSM, ADA and Dietitians of Canada Position Stand: Nutrition and  Athletic Performance (2000). Nutrition and Athletic Performance  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 32(12)2130-2145.

Charlotte Feicht Sanborn, Fact and Fat of Body Composition, In eds.  J.R. Berning, S.N. Steen,: Sports Nutrition for the 90s, Maryland:  Aspen Publishers, 1991.

American College of Sports Medicine(1998): Recommended Quality and  Quantity of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory  and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults. Medicine  & Science in Sports & Exercise 30(6):975-991.

Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General  Executive Summary. US Department of Health and Human Services. CDC.  1996. www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr/pdf/execusumm.pdf

Sesso HD, Paffenbarger RS, Lee I. Physical activity and coronary  heart disease in men: The Harvard alumni study. Circulation 2000;102:975-980.

Dunn AL, Marcus BH, Kampert JB, et al. Comparison of lifestyle and  structured interventions to increase physical activity and  cardiorespiratory fitness. JAMA 1999;281:327-334.

Andersen RE, Wadden TA, Bartlett SJ, et al. Effects of lifestyle  activity vs. structured aerobic exercise in obese women; a randomized  trial. JAMA 1999;281335-340.

US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and  Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department  HHS, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health  Promotion, 1996.