中医基础理论关键名词术语（Key words）翻译完整版

中医基础理论关键名词术语（Key words）
绪论introduction
中医学traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
中医学理论体系theory system of TCM
中医基础理论basic theory of TCM
整体观念holism concept
五脏一体观holism of five ogans
形神一体观holism of body and spirit
天人一体观holism of human beings and universe
医学模式medical pattern
辨证syndrome differentiation
论治treatment variation
疾病disease
证候syndrome
症状symptom
体征physical sign
辨病disease diagnosing
同病异治different treament for the same disease
异病同治the same treatment for the different disease

第一章  中医学的哲学基础ancient philosophic basis of TCM
精jing(as the world origin in ancient philosophy)
气qi(as the world origin in the ancient philosophy)
精气学说theory of jingqi
生命life
中介medium
气机 qi activity
气化qi transformation
感应induction
水地说hypothesis of jing originating from water and earth
云气说hypothesis of qi originating from cloud and air
气一元论monism of qi
元气一元论monism of qi
阴阳yinyang; yin and yang
阴阳学说theory of yinyang
阴阳对立inter-opposition between yin and yang
阴阳互根inter-dependence between yin and yang
阴阳消长wane and wax between yin and yang
阴阳交感inter-induction between yin and yang
阴阳互藏inter-containing between yin and yang
阴阳转化inter-transformation between yin and yang
阴阳自和reestablishment to yin-yang equilibrium
阴阳平衡both yin and yang in equilibrium
五行five elements
五行学说theory of five elements
五行相生inter-promotion of five elements
五行相克inter-inhibition of five elements
五行制化relationship of promotion and restriction of five elements
五行相乘inter-invasion of five elements
五行相侮reverse restriction in five elements
五行胜复resistance of oppressed elements
母病及子mother-organ diorder involving its child-organ
子病及母child-organ disorder involving its mother-organ
滋水涵木replenishing water to nourish wood
培土生金reinforcing earth to generate metal
益火补土tonifying fire to supplement earth
金水相生mutual generation between metal and water
抑木扶土inhibiting wood and strengthening earth
培土治水cultivating earth to control water
佐金平木assisting metal and calming wood
泻南补北purging the south (fire) and nourishing the north (water)
宏观观察obsevation on macroscopic level
中和golden mean
类比analogy

第二章  藏象viscera state
藏象viscera state
藏象学说doctrine of viscera state
脏腑viscera; zangfu organs
五脏five zang organs
心heart
肺lung
脾spleen
肝liver
肾kidney
六腑six fu organs
胆gall baldder
胃stomach
小肠small intestin
大肠large intestine
三焦tri-jiao; sanjiao
膀胱urinary blader
奇恒之腑extraordinary fu organs
脑brain
髓marrow
骨bone
脉vessel
女子胞uterus
满而不实full of essence without foodstuff
实而不满full of foodstuff without essence
心主神明heart controlling mental activities
心主血脉heart controlling blood circulation
心藏神heart storing spirit
肺主气lun governing qi
肺主呼吸之气lung governing respiratory qi
肺主一身之气lung governing physical qi
肺朝百脉convergence of vessels in the lung
肺主行水lung governing water metabolism
肺主治节lung governing coordinative activities of viscera
肺为华盖lung being the canopy
肺为娇脏lung being the delicate organ
肺主宣发肃降lung controlling dispersing outward and inwards
气门pore
后天之本source of acquired constitution
脾主运化spleen governing transportation and transformation
脾气主升spleen governing ascending
脾主统血spleen governing blood
脾喜燥恶湿spleen preferring dryness to dampness
肝主疏泄liver govering regulating
肝主藏血liver storing blood
肝体因而用阳liver of yin nature with yang functioning
肝为刚脏liver being the resolute viscera
罢极之本source of endurance
先天之本congenital foundation
肾藏精kidney storing essence
肾阴kidney yin
肾阳kidney yang
肾精kidney essence
肾气kidney qi
天癸tiangui
肾主水液kidney governing water
肾主纳气kidney receiving respiratory qi
命门vital gate
七冲门seven important portals
胆主决断gallbladder governing deciding
胃主通降stomach managing downward transportation of food
喜润恶燥preferring moisture to dryness
受盛化物containing and digesting
泌别清浊separating the clear from the turbid
上焦如雾upper-jiao resembling mist
中焦如沤middle-jiao resembling fermenter
下焦如渎lower-jiao rezembling drainage
元神之府mentality house
脑为髓海brain being the marrow sea
心肾相交coordination between heart and kidney
水火相济regulation between water and fire
肺为气之主lung being the governor of qi
肾为气之根kidney being the root of qi
肝肾同源liver and kidney sharing the same origin
乙癸同源Yi and Gui sharing the same origin (liver and kidney sharing the same origin)
精血同源essence and blood sharing the ame origin
藏泄互用interdependence between storing and discharging
纳运相得inter-promotion between containing and digestion
升降相因inerdependence between ascending and descending
燥湿相济interdependence between drying and moistening
胃润喜恶燥stomach preferring moisture to dryness

第三章  精气血津液神essence, qi, blood, body fluid and spirit
气qi
元气primordial qi
元阴primordial yin
元阳primordial yang
气机qi activity
气化qi transformation
气海qi sea
卫气defensive qi
宗气thoracic qi
营气nutrient qi
原气primordial qi
气能生血qi promoting blood production
气为血之帅qi being the governor of blood
气主升之qi promoting
气能生津qi promoting body fluid production
气能行血qi promtoting blood circulation
血为气之母blood being the mother of qi
血主濡之blood nourishing
气能行津qi promoting body fluid circulation
气能摄血qi governing blood
津能载气body fluid conveying qi
血能载气blood conveying qi
气能摄津qi governing body fluid
津停气滞body fluid retention causing qi stagnation
血blood
精essence
神spirit
精能化气essence transforming into qi
先天之精congenital essence
后天之精acquired essence
水谷之精foodstuff essence
气能生精qi promoting esssence production
津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same source
血汗同源bloood and sweat sharing the same source
膻中danzhong
虚里heart apex
津液body fluid

第四章  经络meridians and collaterals
经络meridians and collaterals
经络学说theory of meridian and collateral; meridian doctrine
经气meridian qi
经脉meridian; channel
络脉collateral
十二经脉twelve meridians
十二正经twelve regular channels
手太阴肺经lung channel of hand taiyin(L)
手阳明大肠经large intestine channel of hand yangming(LI)
足阳明胃经stomach channel of foot yangming(St)
足太阴脾经spleen channel of foot tayin(Sp)
手少阴心经heart channel of hand shaoyin(H)
手太阳小肠经small intestine channel of hand taiyang(SI)
足太阳膀胱经urinary bladder channel of foot taiyang(UB)
足少阴肾经kidney channel of foot shaoyin(K)
手厥阴心包经pericadium channel of hand jueyin(P)
手少阳三焦经tri-jiao channel of hand shaoyang(TJ)
足少阳胆经gall bladder channel of foot shaoyang(GB)
足厥阴肝经liver channel of foot jueyin(Liv)
奇经八脉eight extra channels
督脉governor vesesl; Du meridian
任脉conception vessel; Ren meridian
冲脉flush vessel; Chong meridian
带脉belt vessel; Dai meridian
阴跷脉yinqiao meridian
阳跷脉yangqiao meridian
阴维脉yinwei meridian
阳维脉yangwei meridan
十二经别twelve divergent channels
十五别络fifteen large collaterals
孙络minute collateral
浮络superficial collateral
十二经筋twelve meridian musculatures
十二皮部twelve cutaneous areas
阳脉之海sea of yang meridian (governor vessel)
阴脉之海sea of yin meridian (conception vessel)
任主胞胎conception vessel govening uterus and gestation
十二经脉之海sea of the twelve meridians (flush vessel)
血海blood sea (flush vessel)

第五章  体质body constitution
体质body constitution
形神合一harmonization between soma and spirit
体格physique
体型body type
人格personality
气质temperament
性格character
素质heredity
理想体质ideal body constitutions
病势disease tendency
质化（从化）property transformation

第六章  病因pathogeny
病因pathogeny
病因学说etiology
辨症求因pathogeny differentiation from symptoms and signs
六淫six exopathogens
六气six climates
六邪six exopathogens
伤寒exogenous febrile disease
中寒cold stroke
风性轻扬wind tending to drift
善行数变migrant and variable
风性主动wind tending to migrate
百病之长guide of various disease
寒性凝滞cold tending to coagulate and stagnate
寒性收引cold tending to contract
寒则气收cold retarding qi circulation
暑性升散summer heat tending to ascend and disperse
炅则气泄heat causing qi exhaustion
暑多夹湿summer heat usually accompanied with dampness
湿性重浊dampness being heavy and turbid
湿性黏滞dampneee being viscous and lingering
湿性趋下sampness tending to descend
燥性干涩dryness tending to desiccate
火性趋上fire tending to flare up
火易生风动血fire causing wind and bleeding
疠气epidemic pathogens
瘟疫pestilence
七情seven emotions
七情内伤inernal injuries caused by seven emotions
怒则气上rage causing qi to flow upwards
喜则气缓joy causing qi slack
悲则气消grief causing qi depression
思则气结contemplation causing qi stagnation
惊则气乱terror causing qi disorder
恐则气下fear causing qi collapse
饮食不节improper diet
饮食不洁dirty diet
饮食偏嗜diet preference
形劳physical overstrain
劳则气耗overstrain causing qi exhausetion
心劳heart overstrain
神劳psychological ovrestrain
肾劳kidney overstrain
房劳sexual overstrain
有形之痰visible phlegm
无形之痰invisible phlegm
瘀血blood stasis
结石calculus
药邪medicine abuse
医过therapist fault
胎弱congenital deficiency
胎毒fetus toxin

第七章  发病invasion
正气healthy qi
邪气pathogenic factors
遗传病genetic disease
感邪即发acute onset after affected
徐发chronic onset
伏而后发latent onset
继发secondary onset
合病simultaneous onset
并病following onset
复病recurrence
后遗症sequela
重感致复re-affected causing recurrence
食复diet recurrence
劳复overstrain recurrence
药复medicine recurrence
情志致复emotion recurrence

第八章  病机pathogenesis
病机pathogenesis
病机学pathology
病机层次pathological level
基本病机basic pathogenesis
实sthenia
实证sthenic syndrome
虚asthenia
虚证asthenia syndrome
虚实错杂mixture of asthenia and sthenia
虚中夹实asthenia with sthenia
实中夹虚sthenia with asthenia
虚实转化inter-transformation between asthenia and sthenia
由实转虚sthenia transforming into asthenia
因虚致实sthenia symptoms caused by asthenia
虚实真假pseudo or true manifestation of asthenia and sthenia
真实假虚sthenia with pseudo asthenia
大实有羸状excessive sthenia manifesting as excessive asthenia
真虚假实asthenia with pseudo sthenia
至虚有盛候excessive asthenia manifesting as excessive sthenia
正胜邪退healthy qi expelling pathogen
邪去正虚pathogen retreating with asthenia healthy qi
邪盛正衰prosperous pathogen with asthenia healthy qi
邪正相持struggle between healthy qi and pathogen
正虚邪恋asthenic healthy qi with pathogen lingering
阴阳失调imbalance between yin and yang
阴阳偏盛excess of yin or yang
阳偏盛yang excess
阳盛yang excess
阴偏盛yin excess
阴盛yin excess
阴阳偏衰deficiency of yin or yang
阳偏衰yang deficiency
阳虚yang deficiency
阴偏衰yin dificiency
阴虚yin deficiency
阴阳互损inter-impairment between yin and yang
阴损及阳yin impairment involving yang
阳损及阴yang impairment involving yin
阴阳格拒repellence between yin and yang
阴盛格阳predominant yin rejecting yang
格阳rejecting yang
阳盛格阴predominant yang rejecting yin
格阴rejecting yin
阴阳亡失exhaustion of yin or yang
亡阴yin exhaustion
亡阳阳yang exhaustion
精虚essence asthenia
精瘀essence stasis
气虚qi asthenia
气机失调disorder of qi activity
气滞qi stagnation
气逆qi adverseness
气陷qi collapse
上气不足qi failing to transport upward
中气下陷qi failing to lift
气闭qi blockage
气脱qi exhaustion
血虚blood asthenia
血瘀blood stasis
出血haemorrhage
血寒blood cold
血热blood heat
精气两虚asthenia of essence and qi
精血不足asthenia of essence and blood
气滞精瘀qi stagnation and essence stasis
血瘀精阻blood stasis and essence obstruction
气滞血瘀qi stagnation and blood stasis
气虚血瘀qi asthenia causing blood stasis
气不摄血qi failing to control blood
气随血脱qi exhaustion resulting from hemorrhage
气血两虚asthenia of qi and blood
津液不足body fluid asthenia
伤津body fluid impairment
脱液body fluid exhausetion
津液输布障碍dysfunction of body fluid distribution
津液排泄障碍dysfuncion of body fluid excretion
水停气阻water retention causing qi stagnation
气随津脱qi exhaustion resulting from body fluid loss
津枯血燥body fluid depletion causing blood stasis
津亏血瘀body fluid depletion causing blood stasis
血瘀水停blood stasis causing water retention
内风endogenous wind
风气内动disturbance of endogenous wind
肝风liver wind
肝阳化风liver yang causing wind
热极生风extreme heat causing wind
阴虚风动yin asthenia causing wind
血虚生风blood asthenia causing wind
寒从中生cold originating from interior
内寒endogenous cold
湿浊内生dampness originating from interior
内湿endogenous dampness
津伤化燥body fluid impairment causing dryness
内燥endogenous dryness
火热内生heat or fire originatin from interior
内热endogenous heat
内火endogenous fire
少火junior fire
壮火excessive fire
阳亢化火excessive yang causing fire
气有余便是火excessive qi causing fire
邪郁化火pathogen accumulation causing fire
五志化火five emotions causing fire
阴虚火旺yin asthenia causing fire
疾病传变pathogenesis transmission
病位传变focus transmission
表里传变transmission between interior and exterior
表病入里exogenous disease invading interior
里病出表endogenous disease retreating to exterior
半表半里semi-interior and semi-exterior
直中direct attack
六经传变six merdians transmission
三焦传变tri-jiao transmission
卫气营血传变transmission of wei, qi, ying and xue
顺传sequential transmission
逆传adverse transmission
脏腑传变viscera transmission
脏与脏的传变transmission among zang organs
脏与腑的传变transmission among zang organs and fu organs
腑与腑的传变transmission among fu organs
形脏内外传变transmission between interior and exterior
寒热转化inter-transformation between cold and heat
寒化热cold transforming into heat
热化寒heat transforming into cold

第九章  防治原则principle of prevention and therapy
预防prevention
养生health promotion
未病先防prevention before disease onset
既病防变preventing disease from exacerbating
治则therapeutic principle
治法therapeutic method
治病求本treating disease from the root
标本branch and root
正治routine treatment
反治contrary treatment
寒者热之cold treated with warm
热者寒之heat treated with cool
虚则补之asthenia requiring tonification
实则泻之sthenia requiring purgation
热因热用heat treated with warm
寒因寒用cold treated with cool
通因通用diarrhea treated with purgation
塞因塞用obstruction treated with tonification
扶正strengthening healthy qi
祛邪eliminating pathogens
因时制宜climate-concerned treatment
因地制宜environment-concerned treatment
因人制宜individuality-concerned treatment
阿布整理