Urgent 和 Emergency 怎么区分的翻译

Patients Requiring Urgent or Emergency Surgery 

Urgent (required within 6-24 hours) or emergency (required within 6 hours) noncardiac surgeries are independently associated with increased risk of surgical morbidity (13.8% foremergency, 12.3% for urgent, and 6.7% for elective) and mortality (3.7% for emergency, 2.3% for urgent, and 0.4% for elective).81Preoperative cardiovascular evaluation must consider the benefits of surgery and also alternatives to surgery in the context of cardiovascular risks. When emergency surgery is lifesaving, a thorough cardiovascular risk assessment may not be possible, particularly if it would be unlikely to affect management. Guideline-recommended cardiovascular evaluation prior to urgent surgery may be appropriate to exclude acute cardiovascular conditions that are contraindications to noncardiac surgery (Box 2). If warranted, involvement of cardiovascular anesthesia specialists and careful intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic monitoring should be considered. Efforts to avoid perioperative tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, and anemia are prudent.

需要紧急（Urgent）或非常紧急（Emergency）手术的病人

紧急（Urgent，要求在6-24小时内）或非常紧急（Emergency，要求在6小时内）非心脏手术与手术发病率（非常紧急13.8%、紧急12.3%、择期6.7%）和死亡率（非常紧急3.7%、紧急2.3%、择期0.4%）的风险增加独立相关。术前心血管评估必须考虑手术的益处以及心血管风险背景下的手术替代方案。当非常紧急手术以挽救生命时，也许不能进行全面的心血管风险评估，特别是在不太可能影响治疗的情况下。指南建议的心血管评估在紧急手术前可能是适当的，以排除非心脏手术禁忌症的急性心血管疾病（箱式图2）。如果有必要，应该考虑请心血管麻醉专家的参与以及术中和术后仔细的血流动力学监测。努力避免围手术期心动过速、高血压、低血压和贫血是明智的。