thrill怎么理解?
There are several considerations for the anesthetic management of patients with ESRD. These patients may benefit from extensive monitoring, such as direct arterial blood pressure monitoring and perhaps central venous pressure monitoring depending on the surgical case, comorbidities,and other factors. Hypotension can commonly occur in patients with ESRD, particularly after hemodialysis. Patients with arteriovenous fistulas should have the presence of the thrill monitored during positioning and intraoperatively. Patients with gastroparesis should be considered at increased risk for the aspiration of gastric contents. Electrolytes, especially potassium, should be evaluated preoperatively and intraoperatively if necessary. Finally, drugs or their metabolites that are renally excreted should be administered judiciously or avoided if possible.
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
thrill怎么理解?震颤?
最后编辑于 2022-10-09 · 浏览 1437