CANCER REASEARCH 12月首篇文章 鲨鱼肋骨与伪科学
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文题：Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience
作者：Gary K. Ostrander, Keith C. Cheng, Jeffrey C. Wolf, and Marilyn J. Wolfe
[CANCER RESEARCH 64, 8485–8491, December 1, 2004]
英文摘要：
The promotion of crude shark cartilage extracts as a cure for cancer has contributed to at least two significant negative outcomes: a dramatic decline in shark populations and a diversion of patients from effective cancer treatments. An alleged lack of cancer in sharks constitutes a key justification for its use. Herein, both malignant and benign neoplasms of sharks and their relatives are described, including previously unreported
cases from the Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals, and two sharks with two cancers each. Additional justifications for using shark cartilage are illogical extensions of the finding of antiangiogenic and anti-invasive substances in cartilage. Scientific evidence to date supports neither theefficacy of crude cartilage extracts nor the ability of effective components to reach and eradicate cancer cells. The fact that people think shark
cartilage consumption can cure cancer illustrates the serious potential impacts of pseudoscience. Although components of shark cartilage may work as a cancer retardant, crude extracts are ineffective. Efficiencies of technology (e.g., fish harvesting), the power of mass media to reach the lay public, and the susceptibility of the public to pseudoscience amplifies the negative impacts of shark cartilage use. To facilitate the use of reason as the basis of public and private decision-making, the evidence-based mechanisms of evaluation used daily by the scientific community should be added to the training of media and governmental professionals. Increased use of logical, collaborative discussion will be necessary to ensure a sustainable future for man and the biosphere.
中文摘要：长久以来认为鲨鱼肋骨粗提取物是治疗癌的有效药物将导致两个负面的影响：鲨鱼数量急剧下降，病人也将得不到有效的治疗。宣称鲨鱼不易患癌是该用法泛滥的一个主要病因。但是，我们报道了鲨鱼及其近亲所患的恶性和良性肿瘤，包括两只鲨鱼且每只都患有两种肿瘤，同时也报告了来自低等动物肿瘤注册处的一份先前未发表的报道。另一方面认为鲨鱼肋骨中含有抗血管生成和抗侵袭的物质错误结论也是导致该法滥用的另一因素。但是科学证据表明鲨鱼肋骨粗提物既没有功效也不含有能抑制或根除癌细胞的有效成分。人们相信吃鲨鱼肋骨能治愈癌症的事实说明了假科学具有 潜在严重的影响。虽然鲨鱼肋骨的某些组分具有迟发癌症的功效，但是其提取物时无效的。科技效率（比如捕鱼业）、无所不在的媒体的力量和大众对伪科学的敏感性都扩到了使用鲨鱼肋骨的负面影响。为了帮助个人和大众能基于原因而做出判断，基于证据的评估机制，不仅为科学体系所使用也应当加入到媒体和政府相关人士的训练中去。在逻辑性提高的基础上，共同协商是确保人与自然长足发展所必要的。
评论：国内好像不流行食用鲨鱼肋骨来治癌的说法。在国外是由于William Lane在92年出版物《Sharks don’t get cancer》以及96年再次写的《 Sharks still don’t get cancer》，还有媒体的大肆炒作，以及实验室得出的夸大的说法：其有效成分能抑制血管生长和侵袭。该实验能打破人们的常规认识，至少是谬论，最后证明：鲨鱼可患癌，目前数据还不足说明其患癌的高低，即使其患癌率低也跟其肋骨粗提物没有任何关系。当然这篇文章最终把矛头指向了浮躁的社会（媒体、Peer view体系和政府。能引起人们进一步的思考。
作者：Gary K. Ostrander, Keith C. Cheng, Jeffrey C. Wolf, and Marilyn J. Wolfe
[CANCER RESEARCH 64, 8485–8491, December 1, 2004]
英文摘要：
The promotion of crude shark cartilage extracts as a cure for cancer has contributed to at least two significant negative outcomes: a dramatic decline in shark populations and a diversion of patients from effective cancer treatments. An alleged lack of cancer in sharks constitutes a key justification for its use. Herein, both malignant and benign neoplasms of sharks and their relatives are described, including previously unreported
cases from the Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals, and two sharks with two cancers each. Additional justifications for using shark cartilage are illogical extensions of the finding of antiangiogenic and anti-invasive substances in cartilage. Scientific evidence to date supports neither theefficacy of crude cartilage extracts nor the ability of effective components to reach and eradicate cancer cells. The fact that people think shark
cartilage consumption can cure cancer illustrates the serious potential impacts of pseudoscience. Although components of shark cartilage may work as a cancer retardant, crude extracts are ineffective. Efficiencies of technology (e.g., fish harvesting), the power of mass media to reach the lay public, and the susceptibility of the public to pseudoscience amplifies the negative impacts of shark cartilage use. To facilitate the use of reason as the basis of public and private decision-making, the evidence-based mechanisms of evaluation used daily by the scientific community should be added to the training of media and governmental professionals. Increased use of logical, collaborative discussion will be necessary to ensure a sustainable future for man and the biosphere.
中文摘要：长久以来认为鲨鱼肋骨粗提取物是治疗癌的有效药物将导致两个负面的影响：鲨鱼数量急剧下降，病人也将得不到有效的治疗。宣称鲨鱼不易患癌是该用法泛滥的一个主要病因。但是，我们报道了鲨鱼及其近亲所患的恶性和良性肿瘤，包括两只鲨鱼且每只都患有两种肿瘤，同时也报告了来自低等动物肿瘤注册处的一份先前未发表的报道。另一方面认为鲨鱼肋骨中含有抗血管生成和抗侵袭的物质错误结论也是导致该法滥用的另一因素。但是科学证据表明鲨鱼肋骨粗提物既没有功效也不含有能抑制或根除癌细胞的有效成分。人们相信吃鲨鱼肋骨能治愈癌症的事实说明了假科学具有 潜在严重的影响。虽然鲨鱼肋骨的某些组分具有迟发癌症的功效，但是其提取物时无效的。科技效率（比如捕鱼业）、无所不在的媒体的力量和大众对伪科学的敏感性都扩到了使用鲨鱼肋骨的负面影响。为了帮助个人和大众能基于原因而做出判断，基于证据的评估机制，不仅为科学体系所使用也应当加入到媒体和政府相关人士的训练中去。在逻辑性提高的基础上，共同协商是确保人与自然长足发展所必要的。
评论：国内好像不流行食用鲨鱼肋骨来治癌的说法。在国外是由于William Lane在92年出版物《Sharks don’t get cancer》以及96年再次写的《 Sharks still don’t get cancer》，还有媒体的大肆炒作，以及实验室得出的夸大的说法：其有效成分能抑制血管生长和侵袭。该实验能打破人们的常规认识，至少是谬论，最后证明：鲨鱼可患癌，目前数据还不足说明其患癌的高低，即使其患癌率低也跟其肋骨粗提物没有任何关系。当然这篇文章最终把矛头指向了浮躁的社会（媒体、Peer view体系和政府。能引起人们进一步的思考。
