“医学检验专业”和“检验医师” 的正确英文名称
发布于 2009-01-11 · 浏览 1.0 万 · IP 美国美国
这个帖子发布于 16 年零 115 天前，其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。
看到这里有相关的讨论，有不同的提法，但我认为Clinical pathology是最正确的(相应的检验医师应该是Clinical pathologist). 还有一种翻译是Laboratory medicine（我的成绩单上是这个翻译）. 但这个词只有德国使用，而且从字面上理解，其外延太广，包括Anatomical pathology，clinical pathology， 毒理学，遗传学等。还可以包括许多其他很多生理学的监测，如脑电心电肌电等的监测。这个词好像不太能确切反映国内“医学检验”及检验科的实际工作内容。从内涵上来讲，clinical pathology是最能反映国内“医学检验”内涵的词，虽然它不是“医学检验”的逐字翻译。
Clinical pathology, Laboratory Medicine (Germany), Biopathology (Greece), or Clinical/Medical Biology (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria...) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology. Clinical pathologists work in close collaboration with medical technologists.
Clinical pathology is itself divided in subspecialties, the main ones being clinical chemistry, clinical hematology/blood banking and clinical microbiology.
Clinical pathology is one of the two major divisions of pathology, the other being anatomical pathology. Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology. Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology.
Anatomical pathology (Commonwealth) or Anatomic pathology (U.S.) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross, microscopic, and molecular examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies (autopsy).
Anatomical pathology is itself divided in subspecialties, the main ones being surgical pathology, cytopathology and forensic pathology. To be licensed to practice anatomical pathology, one has to complete medical school, an approved residency program and be certified. In the U.S., the American board of Pathology certifies pathologists.
Anatomical pathology is one of two branches of pathology, the other being clinical pathology, the diagnosis of disease through the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids. Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology. Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology.
Laboratory medicine is generally divided into four sections, and each of which is further divided into a number of units. These four sections are:
Anatomic Pathology: units are included here, namely histopathology, cytopathology, and electron microscopy. Academically, each unit is studied alone in one course. Other courses pertaining to this section include anatomy, physiology, histology, pathology, and pathophysiology.
Clinical Microbiology: This is the largest section in laboratory medicine; as it encompasses five different sciences (units). These include bacteriology, virology, parasitology, immunology, and mycology.
Clinical Biochemistry: Units under this busy section are instrumental analysis, enzymology, toxicology and endocrinology.
Haematology: This small, yet busy, section consists of two units, which are coagulation and blood bank.
Genetics is also studied along with a subspecialty known as cytogenetics.
Distribution of clinical laboratories in health institutions varies greatly from one place to another. Take for example microbiology, some health facilities have a single laboratory for microbiology, while others have a separate lab for each unit, with nothing called a "microbiology" lab.
Here's a detailed breakdown of the responsibilities of each unit:
Microbiology receives almost any clinical specimen, including swabs, feces, urine, blood, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, as well as possible infected tissue. The work here is mainly concerned with cultures, to look for suspected pathogens which, if found, are further identified based on biochemical tests. Also, sensitivity testing is carried out to determine whether the pathogen is sensitive or resistant to a suggested medicine. Results are reported with the identified organism(s) and the type and amount of drug(s) that should be prescribed for the patient.
Parasitology is a microbiology unit that investigates parasites. The most frequently encountered specimen here is faeces. However, blood, urine, sputum, and other samples may also contain parasites.
Virology is concerned with identification of viruses in specimens such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Haematology works with whole blood to do full blood counts, and blood films.
Coagulation requires citrated blood samples to analyze clotting times and coagulation factors.
Clinical Biochemistry usually receives serum. They test the serum for chemicals present in blood. These include a wide array of substances, such as lipids, blood sugar, enzymes, and hormones.
Toxicology mainly tests for pharmaceutical and recreational drugs. Urine and blood samples are submitted to this lab.
Immunology/Serology uses the concept of antigen-antibody interaction as a diagnostic tool. Compatibility of transplanted organs is also determined.
Immunohaematology, or Blood bank determines blood groups, and performs compatibility testing on blood donors and recipients. It also prepares blood components, derivatives, and products for transfusion.
Urinalysis tests urine for many analytes. Some health care providers have a urinalysis laboratory, while others don't. Instead, each component of the urinalysis is performed at the corresponding unit. If measuring urine chemicals is required, the specimen is processed in the clinical biochemistry lab, but if cell studies are indicated, the specimen should be submitted to the cytopathology lab, and so on.
Histopathology processes solid tissue removed from the body (biopsies) for evaluation at the microscopic level.
Cytopathology examines smears of cells from all over the body (such as from the cervix) for evidence of inflammation, cancer, and other conditions.
Genetics mainly performs DNA analysis.
Cytogenetics involves using blood and other cells to get a karyotype. This can be helpful in prenatal diagnosis (e.g. Down's syndrome) as well as in cancer (some cancers have abnormal chromosomes).
Surgical pathology examines organs, limbs, tumors, fetuses, and other tissues biopsied in surgery such as breast masectomys.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_pathology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_pathology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_medicine#Departments
Clinical pathology, Laboratory Medicine (Germany), Biopathology (Greece), or Clinical/Medical Biology (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria...) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology. Clinical pathologists work in close collaboration with medical technologists.
Clinical pathology is itself divided in subspecialties, the main ones being clinical chemistry, clinical hematology/blood banking and clinical microbiology.
Clinical pathology is one of the two major divisions of pathology, the other being anatomical pathology. Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology. Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology.
Anatomical pathology (Commonwealth) or Anatomic pathology (U.S.) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross, microscopic, and molecular examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies (autopsy).
Anatomical pathology is itself divided in subspecialties, the main ones being surgical pathology, cytopathology and forensic pathology. To be licensed to practice anatomical pathology, one has to complete medical school, an approved residency program and be certified. In the U.S., the American board of Pathology certifies pathologists.
Anatomical pathology is one of two branches of pathology, the other being clinical pathology, the diagnosis of disease through the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids. Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology. Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology.
Laboratory medicine is generally divided into four sections, and each of which is further divided into a number of units. These four sections are:
Anatomic Pathology: units are included here, namely histopathology, cytopathology, and electron microscopy. Academically, each unit is studied alone in one course. Other courses pertaining to this section include anatomy, physiology, histology, pathology, and pathophysiology.
Clinical Microbiology: This is the largest section in laboratory medicine; as it encompasses five different sciences (units). These include bacteriology, virology, parasitology, immunology, and mycology.
Clinical Biochemistry: Units under this busy section are instrumental analysis, enzymology, toxicology and endocrinology.
Haematology: This small, yet busy, section consists of two units, which are coagulation and blood bank.
Genetics is also studied along with a subspecialty known as cytogenetics.
Distribution of clinical laboratories in health institutions varies greatly from one place to another. Take for example microbiology, some health facilities have a single laboratory for microbiology, while others have a separate lab for each unit, with nothing called a "microbiology" lab.
Here's a detailed breakdown of the responsibilities of each unit:
Microbiology receives almost any clinical specimen, including swabs, feces, urine, blood, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, as well as possible infected tissue. The work here is mainly concerned with cultures, to look for suspected pathogens which, if found, are further identified based on biochemical tests. Also, sensitivity testing is carried out to determine whether the pathogen is sensitive or resistant to a suggested medicine. Results are reported with the identified organism(s) and the type and amount of drug(s) that should be prescribed for the patient.
Parasitology is a microbiology unit that investigates parasites. The most frequently encountered specimen here is faeces. However, blood, urine, sputum, and other samples may also contain parasites.
Virology is concerned with identification of viruses in specimens such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Haematology works with whole blood to do full blood counts, and blood films.
Coagulation requires citrated blood samples to analyze clotting times and coagulation factors.
Clinical Biochemistry usually receives serum. They test the serum for chemicals present in blood. These include a wide array of substances, such as lipids, blood sugar, enzymes, and hormones.
Toxicology mainly tests for pharmaceutical and recreational drugs. Urine and blood samples are submitted to this lab.
Immunology/Serology uses the concept of antigen-antibody interaction as a diagnostic tool. Compatibility of transplanted organs is also determined.
Immunohaematology, or Blood bank determines blood groups, and performs compatibility testing on blood donors and recipients. It also prepares blood components, derivatives, and products for transfusion.
Urinalysis tests urine for many analytes. Some health care providers have a urinalysis laboratory, while others don't. Instead, each component of the urinalysis is performed at the corresponding unit. If measuring urine chemicals is required, the specimen is processed in the clinical biochemistry lab, but if cell studies are indicated, the specimen should be submitted to the cytopathology lab, and so on.
Histopathology processes solid tissue removed from the body (biopsies) for evaluation at the microscopic level.
Cytopathology examines smears of cells from all over the body (such as from the cervix) for evidence of inflammation, cancer, and other conditions.
Genetics mainly performs DNA analysis.
Cytogenetics involves using blood and other cells to get a karyotype. This can be helpful in prenatal diagnosis (e.g. Down's syndrome) as well as in cancer (some cancers have abnormal chromosomes).
Surgical pathology examines organs, limbs, tumors, fetuses, and other tissues biopsied in surgery such as breast masectomys.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_pathology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_pathology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_medicine#Departments
最后编辑于 2009-05-19 · 浏览 1.0 万
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