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【medical-news】代谢综合症:不应非难腹部脂肪

科教处医师 · 最后编辑于 2022-10-09 · IP 江苏江苏
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这个帖子发布于 17 年零 350 天前,其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。
Metabolic Syndrome: Don't Blame the Belly Fat
代谢综合症:不应非难腹部脂肪
杰拉德•舒尔曼
Abdominal fat, the spare tire that many of us carry, has long been implicated as a primary suspect in causing the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that includes the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: prediabetes, diabetes, high blood pressure, and changes in cholesterol.
我们许多人带有的多余累赘-腹部脂肪,很长时间被认为是导致代谢综合症的主要嫌疑对象,后者是包括最危险的心脏发作危险因素在内的一组健康状况:糖尿病前期,糖尿病,高血压,胆固醇改变。
But with the help of powerful new imaging technologies, a team of Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) researchers at Yale University School of Medicine has found that insulin resistance in skeletal muscle leads to alterations in energy storage that set the stage for the metabolic syndrome.
但是在强有力的新的成像技术的帮助下,在耶鲁大学医学院的一个霍华德•休斯医学研究所研究小组发现骨骼肌的胰岛素抵抗导致能量储存的交替变化,使代谢综合症状态出现。
Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells become resistant to insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas that plays an essential role in regulating the carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins obtained from food.
胰岛素抵抗状态下机体细胞变得抵抗胰岛素,胰岛素是胰腺分泌的一种激素,在调节碳水化合物、脂质和从食物中获取蛋白等方面起着至关重要的作用。
The new study, published July 16, 2007, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), demonstrates that insulin resistance in skeletal muscle — caused by decreased ability of muscle to make glycogen, the stored form of carbohydrate from food energy — can promote an elevated pattern of lipids or fats in the bloodstream that underpins the metabolic syndrome.
该新研究刊发在2007年7月16日的美国国家科学院院报上,显示肌肉合成糖原(糖原是来自食物能量的碳水化合物的储存形式)的能力下降所致骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗,后者能促进作为代谢综合症基础的血流中脂质或脂肪的一种升高模式。
The study was led by HHMI investigator Gerald I. Shulman and Kitt Falk Petersen, both of the Yale University School of Medicine. Coauthors of the paper were from Yale and Harvard Medical School.
本研究在霍华德•休斯医学研究所研究员Gerald I. Shulman 和Kitt Falk Petersen领导下进行,二人都属于耶鲁大学医学院。本文的共同作者还有来自耶鲁和哈佛医学院的研究人员。
The metabolic syndrome is a very common metabolic abnormality and the prevalence is growing. However, the underlying factors that cause it are poorly understood. The syndrome afflicts more than 50 million Americans and roughly half of all Americans are predisposed to it, making it one of the nation's most serious human health issues.
代谢综合症是非常普遍的代谢异常,而且患病率也在不断增加。然而,导致代谢综合症的背后因素还知之甚少。有超过5千万美国人患上代谢综合症,大概有一半的美国人易患该综合症,使该综合症成为全美最严重的人类健康问题之一。
To begin to shed light on the earliest molecular events that lead to the metabolic syndrome, Shulman and his colleagues used powerful new magnetic resonance imaging techniques to observe how nutrients are channeled in the body in both insulin resistant and insulin sensitive human subjects.
为了开始找到导致代谢综合症最早的分子事件,在胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素敏感人类受试者两组中,舒尔曼和同事们运用强有力的新的磁共振成像技术观察机体如何提供营养素。
The subjects for the study were all young, lean, non-smoking, healthy individuals who were sedentary and matched for physical activity. Aside from insulin resistance in one cohort, these volunteers had none of the other confounding factors typically associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, which have been thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
本研究中受试者皆是年青、清瘦、不吸烟健康个体,这些人惯于久坐不动并匹配进行体力活动。除了一个队列中胰岛素抵抗,这些志愿者没有与肥胖和2型糖尿病典型相关的其他混杂因素,后两者被认为在代谢综合症的发病机制中扮演关键角色。
"Our hypothesis was that the metabolic syndrome is really a problem with how we store energy from food,” Shulman explained. "The idea is that insulin resistance in muscle changes the pattern of energy storage."
“我们的假设是:代谢综合症就是个我们如何储存食物来源能量的问题,”舒尔曼解释道,“这个观点就是肌肉中胰岛素抵抗改变能力储存模式。”
After providing the study's subjects with two meals high in carbohydrates, Shulman and his colleagues turned to magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure the production of liver and muscle triglyceride, the storage form of fat, and of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate. "What we found is that (insulin) sensitive individuals took the energy from carbohydrate in the meals and stored it away as glycogen in both liver and muscle," said Shulman.
在提供研究受试者两餐高碳水化合物后,舒尔曼和同事们转向磁共振谱检测肝脏和肌肉的甘油三酯和糖原的生成,脂肪和碳水化合物的存贮形式。“我们的发现是胰岛素敏感个体从膳食中碳水化合物吸收能量并在肝脏和肌肉中以糖原形式存储”舒尔曼说。
In the insulin resistant subjects, the energy obtained from their carbohydrate rich meals was rerouted to liver triglyceride production, elevating triglycerides in the blood by as much as 60 percent and lowering HDL cholesterol (the “good cholesterol”) by 20 percent. "In contrast to the young, lean, insulin-sensitive subjects, who stored most of their ingested energy as liver and muscle glycogen, the young, lean, insulin-resistant subjects had a marked defect in muscle glycogen synthesis and diverted much more of their ingested carbohydrate into liver fat production,” Shulman and his colleagues reported.
在胰岛素抵抗受试者上,从碳水化合物富集膳食中获取的能量再进入肝脏合成途径,可升高血液中甘油三酯的水平达60%之多并降低高密度酯蛋白(HDL-“好的脂蛋白”)水平达20%。“与以肝脏和肌肉糖原形式存储大部分肠道吸收能量的年青、偏瘦和胰岛素敏感受试者相比,胰岛素抵抗个体在肌肉糖原合成上有明显的不足并将大多数他们肠道吸收的碳水化合物转化成肝脏脂肪产物,”舒尔曼和同事们报告称。
"What we see," he noted, "is alterations in patterns of energy storage. An additional key point is that the insulin resistance, in these young, lean, insulin resistant individuals, was independent of abdominal obesity and circulating plasma adipocytokines, suggesting that these abnormalities develop later in the development of the metabolic syndrome."
“我们看到的是”他指出,“能量存储模式的变更。一个额外的关键要点是在这些年青、偏瘦和胰岛素抵抗个体中,胰岛素抵抗是独立于腹部脂肪和循环血浆脂肪因子的,提示这些异常逐渐产生后来发展的代谢综合症”
The new findings promise to help untangle the early molecular events of a syndrome at the root of one of the world's most significant health issues. “Knowing how insulin resistance alters energy storage before it leads to more serious problems can help those susceptible prevent the onset of the metabolic syndrome,” Shulman said.
该新发现有希望帮助从根本上解开作为世界上最重要健康问题之一的代谢综合症的早期分子事件。“了解胰岛素抵抗在导致更严重的问题前如何改变能量存储,能帮助那些易感者预防代谢综合症的出现,”舒尔曼称。
Another key observation was that skeletal muscle insulin resistance precedes the development of insulin resistance in liver cells, and that fat production in the liver is increased. “These findings also have important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, one of the most prevalent liver diseases in both adults and children” Shulman said.
另一个重要观察是在肝脏细胞胰岛素抵抗发生之前产生骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗,并且在肝脏中脂肪产物增加了。“这些发现为理解非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的发病机制也有重要的意义,脂肪肝是成人和儿童都非常流行的肝疾病之一”舒尔曼说。
The good news, according to Shulman, is that insulin resistance in skeletal muscle can be countered through a simple intervention: exercise.
这个好消息,按照舒尔曼的说法,即骨骼肌中的胰岛素抵抗可以通过简单干预抗衡:锻炼。

编译投稿 http://www.hhmi.org/news/shulman20070716.html

代谢综合症:不应非难腹部脂肪

我们许多人带有的多余累赘-腹部脂肪,很长时间来被认为是导致代谢综合症的主要嫌疑对象,后者是包括最危险的心脏发作危险因素在内的一组健康状况:糖尿病前期,糖尿病,高血压,胆固醇改变。
但是在强有力的新的成像技术的帮助下,在耶鲁大学医学院的一个霍华德•休斯医学研究所研究小组发现骨骼肌的胰岛素抵抗导致能量储存变化,使代谢综合症状态出现。
胰岛素抵抗状态下机体细胞变得抵抗胰岛素,胰岛素是胰腺分泌的一种激素,在调节碳水化合物、脂质和从食物中获取蛋白等方面起着至关重要的作用。
该新研究刊发在2007年7月16日的美国国家科学院院报上,显示肌肉合成糖原(糖原是来自食物能量的碳水化合物的储存形式)的能力下降所致骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗,后者能促进血流中作为代谢综合症基础的脂质或脂肪的升高。
本研究在霍华德•休斯医学研究所研究员Gerald I. Shulman 和Kitt Falk Petersen领导下进行,二人都属于耶鲁大学医学院。本文的共同作者还有来自耶鲁和哈佛医学院的研究人员。
代谢综合症是非常普遍的代谢异常,而且患病率也在不断增加。然而,导致代谢综合症的背后因素还知之甚少。有超过5千万美国人患上代谢综合症,大概有一半的美国人易患该综合症,使该综合症成为全美最严重的人类健康问题之一。
为了找到导致代谢综合症最早的分子事件,在胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素敏感人类受试者两组中,舒尔曼和同事们运用强有力的新的磁共振成像技术观察机体如何提供营养素。
本研究中受试者皆是年青、清瘦、不吸烟健康个体,这些人惯于久坐不动并匹配进行体力活动。除了一个研究组中(受试者)胰岛素抵抗,这些志愿者没有与肥胖和2型糖尿病典型相关的其他混杂因素,而后两种疾病被认为在代谢综合症的发病机制中扮演关键角色。
“我们的假设是:代谢综合症就是个我们如何储存食物来源能量的问题,”舒尔曼解释道,“这个观点就是肌肉中胰岛素抵抗改变能量储存模式。”
在提供研究受试者两餐高碳水化合物后,舒尔曼和同事们转向磁共振谱检测肝脏和肌肉的甘油三酯和糖原的生成,脂肪和碳水化合物的存贮形式。“我们的发现是胰岛素敏感个体从膳食中碳水化合物吸收能量并在肝脏和肌肉中以糖原形式存储”舒尔曼说。
在胰岛素抵抗受试者上,从碳水化合物富集膳食中获取的能量再进入肝脏合成途径,可升高血液中甘油三酯的水平达60%之多并降低高密度酯蛋白(HDL-“好的脂蛋白”)水平达20%。“与以肝脏和肌肉糖原形式存储大部分肠道吸收能量的年青、偏瘦和胰岛素敏感受试者相比,胰岛素抵抗个体在肌肉糖原合成上有明显的不足并将大多数他们肠道吸收的碳水化合物转化成肝脏脂肪产物,”舒尔曼和同事们报告称。
“我们看到的是”他指出,“能量存储模式的变更。一个额外的关键要点是在这些年青、偏瘦和胰岛素抵抗个体中,胰岛素抵抗是独立于腹部脂肪和循环血浆脂肪因子的,提示这些异常逐渐产生后来发展的代谢综合症”
该新发现有希望帮助从根本上解开作为世界上最重要健康问题之一的代谢综合症的早期分子事件。“了解胰岛素抵抗在导致更严重的问题前如何改变能量存储,能帮助那些易感者预防代谢综合症的出现,”舒尔曼称。
另一个重要观察是在肝脏细胞胰岛素抵抗发生之前产生骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗,并且在肝脏中脂肪产物增加了。“这些发现为理解非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的发病机制也有重要的意义,脂肪肝是成人和儿童都非常流行的肝疾病之一”舒尔曼说。
这个好消息,按照舒尔曼的说法,即骨骼肌中的胰岛素抵抗可以通过简单干预抗衡:锻炼。
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