美研究称一种多发性硬化症药物有助降低毒瘾
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研究人员报告称，一种常被用于治疗多发性硬化症（MS）患者肌肉痉挛症状的药物，在治疗可卡因成瘾方面显示出初步的成效。
在一项对70名患者进行的研究中，名为巴克罗芬（Baclofen）的药物降低了长期、大量吸毒者的毒瘾。研究人员目前准备仅针对大量吸毒的族群进行更大规模的研究。
研究领导者、加州大学洛杉矶分校绍普陶（Steven Shoptaw）博士表示，这项发现令人振奋，因为这显示出有不同的药物治疗能够控制可卡因毒瘾。
该研究报告刊载于《临床精神病学杂志》（Journal of Clinical Psychiatry）。研究中有半数患者连续16周使用巴克罗芬、并接受行为疗法，其余半数则接受行为疗法，并服用安慰剂。
在研究尾声的尿液毒品检测结果显示，使用巴克罗芬的患者，其毒品使用量比服用安慰剂的患者组要低，而其功效在长期、大量吸毒者身上表现的尤为明显。
绍普陶博士向路透表示，在八个地点针对160名可卡因大量吸食者进行的新试验，预定将于2月将开始进行。
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, December 15, 2003.
MS Drug May Aid in Cocaine Addiction
Wednesday, December 31, 2003
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A drug often used to treat muscle spasms in patients with multiple sclerosis has shown early promise in treating cocaine addiction, researchers report. The drug, called baclofen, reduced cocaine use among chronic, heavy users in the 70-patient study. A larger trial including only heavy cocaine users is now set to begin. The study's lead author, Dr. Steven Shoptaw of the University of California Los Angeles, said the findings are exciting, in part, because they represent a different approach in using drugs to treat cocaine addiction. Drugs previously used by researchers to treat addiction directly affect the transmission of the brain chemical dopamine, which plays a key role in the "rewarding" effects of cocaine and other addictive substances. Baclofen also acts on the central nervous system, but has indirect effects on dopamine activity. The new study, reported in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, is part of an effort funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to screen dozens of drugs thought to have potential against cocaine addiction. Baclofen had shown its potential in animal research in which the drug reduced lab animals' self-administration of cocaine. Because baclofen enhances the action of a particular "inhibitory" chemical in the central nervous system, it may dampen the "high" that cocaine creates. In the new study, half of the patients received baclofen along with behavioral counseling for 16 weeks, while the other half received counseling and a sugar pill, or placebo. At the end of the study, the results of urine drug-screening tests showed that the baclofen patients had lower levels of drug use than the patients in the placebo group did, and the benefit was most clear among chronic, heavy cocaine users. Shoptaw told Reuters Health that a study of 160 heavy cocaine users at eight sites is set to get underway in February. Baclofen is the third drug in the NIDA project deemed promising enough to go into larger, multicenter trials. Shoptaw said that any drug that turns out to work for cocaine addiction will be only one part of comprehensive treatment including behavioral counseling.
在一项对70名患者进行的研究中，名为巴克罗芬（Baclofen）的药物降低了长期、大量吸毒者的毒瘾。研究人员目前准备仅针对大量吸毒的族群进行更大规模的研究。
研究领导者、加州大学洛杉矶分校绍普陶（Steven Shoptaw）博士表示，这项发现令人振奋，因为这显示出有不同的药物治疗能够控制可卡因毒瘾。
该研究报告刊载于《临床精神病学杂志》（Journal of Clinical Psychiatry）。研究中有半数患者连续16周使用巴克罗芬、并接受行为疗法，其余半数则接受行为疗法，并服用安慰剂。
在研究尾声的尿液毒品检测结果显示，使用巴克罗芬的患者，其毒品使用量比服用安慰剂的患者组要低，而其功效在长期、大量吸毒者身上表现的尤为明显。
绍普陶博士向路透表示，在八个地点针对160名可卡因大量吸食者进行的新试验，预定将于2月将开始进行。
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, December 15, 2003.
MS Drug May Aid in Cocaine Addiction
Wednesday, December 31, 2003
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A drug often used to treat muscle spasms in patients with multiple sclerosis has shown early promise in treating cocaine addiction, researchers report. The drug, called baclofen, reduced cocaine use among chronic, heavy users in the 70-patient study. A larger trial including only heavy cocaine users is now set to begin. The study's lead author, Dr. Steven Shoptaw of the University of California Los Angeles, said the findings are exciting, in part, because they represent a different approach in using drugs to treat cocaine addiction. Drugs previously used by researchers to treat addiction directly affect the transmission of the brain chemical dopamine, which plays a key role in the "rewarding" effects of cocaine and other addictive substances. Baclofen also acts on the central nervous system, but has indirect effects on dopamine activity. The new study, reported in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, is part of an effort funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to screen dozens of drugs thought to have potential against cocaine addiction. Baclofen had shown its potential in animal research in which the drug reduced lab animals' self-administration of cocaine. Because baclofen enhances the action of a particular "inhibitory" chemical in the central nervous system, it may dampen the "high" that cocaine creates. In the new study, half of the patients received baclofen along with behavioral counseling for 16 weeks, while the other half received counseling and a sugar pill, or placebo. At the end of the study, the results of urine drug-screening tests showed that the baclofen patients had lower levels of drug use than the patients in the placebo group did, and the benefit was most clear among chronic, heavy cocaine users. Shoptaw told Reuters Health that a study of 160 heavy cocaine users at eight sites is set to get underway in February. Baclofen is the third drug in the NIDA project deemed promising enough to go into larger, multicenter trials. Shoptaw said that any drug that turns out to work for cocaine addiction will be only one part of comprehensive treatment including behavioral counseling.
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