LMCHK考纲1【循环、内分泌、消化、血液系统】

Anatomy, Biochemistry, Physiology 解剖学，生物化学，生理学

Candidates are expected to have a good understanding of these disciplines, questions of which may appear in Basic Sciences and various clinical specialties. 考生应对这些学科有良好的理解，其问题可能出现在基础科学和各种临床专业中。

Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology 病理学，微生物学，药理学

Candidates are expected to have a good understanding of these disciplines, questions of which may appear in Basic Sciences and various clinical specialties. 考生应对这些学科有良好的理解，其问题可能出现在基础科学和各种临床专业中。

Medicine 医学 【循环、内分泌、消化、血液系统】

Cardiology 心脏病学

• Ischaemic heart disease 缺血性心脏病
• Heart failure 心力衰竭
• Arrhythmia and heart block 心律失常和心脏传导阻滞
• Cardiac emergencies (e.g. acute pulmonary oedema, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade) 心脏急症（例如急性肺水肿，心脏骤停，心源性休克，心脏压塞）
• Essential hypertension 原发性高血压
• Secondary hypertension 继发性高血压
• Systemic disorders affecting the heart 影响心脏的系统性疾病
• Cardiomyopathies and myocarditis 心肌病和心肌炎
• Valvular heart diseases 瓣膜性心脏病
• Infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎
• Diseases of the pericardium (e.g. pericarditis) 心包疾病（例如心包炎）
• Diseases of the aorta (e.g. aortic dissection) 主动脉疾病（例如主动脉夹层）
• Adult congenital heart diseases (e.g. atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect) 成人先天性心脏病（例如房间隔缺损，室间隔缺损）
• Diseases of the arteries (e.g. arterial thrombosis, atherosclerosis) 动脉疾病（例如动脉血栓形成，动脉粥样硬化）
• Diseases of the veins (e.g. deep vein thrombosis, superior vena cava obstruction) 静脉疾病（例如深静脉血栓形成，上腔静脉阻塞）
• Molecular and cellular cardiology 分子和细胞心脏病学

Endocrinology & Metabolism 内分泌学与代谢

• Metabolic syndrome 代谢综合症
• Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病
• Thyroid disorders 甲状腺疾病
• Adrenal disorders 肾上腺疾病
• Pituitary disorders 垂体疾病
• Disorders of calcium metabolism 钙代谢障碍
• Lipid disorders 脂质代谢紊乱
• Obesity 肥胖症
• Osteoporosis 骨质疏松症
• Disorders of sexual differentiation and function 性别分化和功能障碍
• Endocrine emergencies 内分泌急症

Gastroenterology & Hepatology 胃肠病学和肝病学

• Malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道恶性肿瘤
• Infections of the gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道感染
• Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 胃食管反流病
• Helicobacter pylori infection 幽门螺杆菌感染
• Gastric and duodenal ulcers 胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡
• NSAID gastropathy 非甾体抗炎药胃病
• Functional dyspepsia 功能性消化不良
• Irritable bowel syndrome 肠易激综合症
• Food poisoning 食物中毒
• Malabsorption 吸收不良
• Inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease) 炎症性肠病（溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病）
• Intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻
• Acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎
• Cholangitis and gallstones 胆管炎和胆结石
• Pancreatic cancer 胰腺癌
• Systemic disorders affecting the liver 影响肝脏的全身性疾病
• Drug-induced liver injury 药物性肝损伤
• Viral hepatitis (hepatitis A to E) 病毒性肝炎（甲型到戊型肝炎）
• Toxic, drug-induced and autoimmune hepatitis 中毒性、药物性和自身免疫性肝炎
• Alcoholic liver disease 酒精性肝病
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 非酒精性脂肪肝病
• Hepatocellular carcinoma 肝细胞癌
• Cirrhosis and portal hypertension 肝硬化和门静脉高压
• Primary biliary cirrhosis 原发性胆汁性肝硬化
• Wilson’s disease 威尔逊病
• Variceal bleeding 静脉曲张出血
• Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 腹水和自发性细菌性腹膜炎
• Hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病
• Acute liver failure and liver transplantation 急性肝衰竭和肝移植

Haematology & Oncology 血液学和肿瘤学

• Anaemia and other related disorders (e.g. anaemia associated with systemic diseases, G6PD deficiency) 贫血和其他相关疾病（如系统性疾病相关贫血，G6PD缺乏症）
• Bleeding tendency (e.g. immune thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura, Vitamin K deficiency, haemophilia, Von Willebrand disease) 出血倾向（如免疫性血小板减少性紫癜，弥散性血管内凝血，血栓性血小板减少性紫癜，维生素K缺乏症，血友病，冯·维勒布兰德病）
• Thrombotic tendency (e.g. deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, inherited and acquired thrombophilias) 血栓倾向（如深静脉血栓形成，肺栓塞，遗传性和获得性血栓倾向）
• Haematological malignancies (e.g. acute leukaemia, myeloproliferative disorders, lymphoproliferative disorders, multiple myeloma) 血液恶性肿瘤（如急性白血病，骨髓增生性疾病，淋巴增生性疾病，多发性骨髓瘤）
• Bone marrow failure (e.g. aplastic anaemia, pure red cell aplasia, myelodysplastic syndrome, drug-induced agranulocytosis) 骨髓衰竭（如再生障碍性贫血，纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血，骨髓增生异常综合症，药物性粒细胞缺乏症）
• Blood transfusion 输血
• Haematopoietic cell transplantation 造血细胞移植
• General oncology 一般肿瘤学
• Cancer treatment (including target and immunomodulatory therapies) 癌症治疗（包括靶向治疗和免疫调节治疗）
• Complications of cancer treatment 癌症治疗的并发症
• Oncological emergencies 肿瘤急症
• Paraneoplastic syndromes 副肿瘤综合症
• Palliative Care 缓和治疗