Renal, Urinary Systems 1

A 40-year-old nulligravida woman comes to the office with a 2-month history of worsening right pelvic pain.  She experiences the pain daily, and its intensity does not vary during her menstrual cycle.  In addition, the patient's waist size has increased despite a decreased appetite.  Pelvic examination shows an irregularly shaped, fixed adnexal mass.  One week later, she undergoes surgery to remove a large ovarian neoplasm.  Within the true pelvis, the surgeon can most likely palpate the right ureter immediately anterior to which of the following structures?

一位 40 岁未孕（nulligravida）女性因右侧盆腔疼痛（right pelvic pain）持续 2 个月且加重来到诊室。她每天都感到疼痛，疼痛强度在月经周期中无变化。此外，尽管食欲下降，但患者腰围增加。盆腔检查显示有一个不规则形状、固定的附件包块。一周后她接受手术切除一个大的卵巢肿瘤。问在真骨盆（true pelvis）内，外科医生最有可能在哪个结构正前方摸到右侧输尿管（right ureter）。

输尿管（ureters）在腹膜后间隙内经过卵巢（性腺）血管（ovarian (gonadal) vessels）后方，并在越过髂总动脉/外动脉（common/external iliac arteries）前方后进入真骨盆。在真骨盆内，输尿管位于髂内动脉（internal iliac artery）前方且在子宫动脉（uterine artery）后方。