MY “on human cloning”
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undoubtedly, cloning technique is one of the greatest creation in the 21st century. It bring hope to the cure of incurable diseases and the rescue of endangered species. But cloning arouse a violent debate.a prevalent question is “Human cloning is essential?”
Firstly, let us to know what is Cloning? and the history of clone
Cloning is the creation of cells or whole animals using DNA from a single "parent", bypassing the normal reproductive process. The clone has the same DNA to the parent. The most common process takes DNA from one cell and puts in a hollowed-out egg. Chemicals and electricity are then used to encourage the new DNA to fuse with the egg and develop into an embryo. Cloning is not new. Experiments with frogs and toads date back to the 1970s. And experiments involving plants and animal embryos have been performed for years. But experiments involving human beings have never been tried or thought possible, until "Dolly", in 1996. This sheep was the first animal that had been cloned form cells taken from an adult. Her birth shocked the scientific community and has spurred discussion about the possibility of human clones.
In fact, we have/will have gotten a great deal of benefits from cloning.
The techniques used have already demonstrated benefits. Polly, another sheep clone at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh has had a human gene inserted so that it produces a blood clotting agent needed by haemophiliacs in its milk. Furtherly, once a cell is duplicated using the genetic materials derived from its host, the cell can acts as a primary cell which are capable of dividing and differentiating into specialized cells such as liver cells as well as nerve cells, and then develop into some kinds of vital organs.
Apart from this, during the process of nurturing the cloned embryo, scientists can extend their scope of knowledge about the mysterious causes and mechanism of certain fatal and incurable diseases like Parkinson’s disease, cancer and AIDs. On the basis of such precious scientific discoveries, scientists are able to explore more ways to combat the diseases above afflicting millions of innocent people and save their lives.
Besides, Cloning can rescues endangered species.
Scientists have succeeded in cloning a gaur, a type of Asian wild ox(牛), which is an endangered species. It may be possible in future to create large numbers of cloned endangered animals. The gaur dying out because the forests where it lives have been destroyed. Company officials were hopeful about the future. ‘This is the first time that we have succeeded in cloning an endangered species using a domestic (驯化的) gaur as a mother, in this case a cow. We now hope that we can use the same process to more endangered species.
Human cloning technique is a evangel for Infertile, childless couples.
Human cloning can cure infertility. The current options for infertile couples are painful, expensive, and heart-breaking. Cloning has the potential to change the world for infertile couples almost overnight. The HCF website, www.HumanCloning.org, accumulates comments from all over the world in support of human cloning. Many of the messages come from childless parents and single women who want to have a child of their own. More and more people are voicing their support for human cloning as a viable option for infertile and childless couples, reports the US-based Human Cloning Foundation.
Although cloning is advocated by many people, there is a violent argument about cloning.
The cloning opponents pay more attentions to the disadvantages of human cloning. First, human cloning is unsafe. Nowadays, human cloning technology is based on animal cloning and there are too many differences between human and other animals. Maybe some deformed infants would be born. Second, it is inefficient. Cloning is of high rate of failure. For example, Dolly comes from 277 embryos. Third, human cloning is against ethic. Many people argue that everyone is unique and what the relation between a person and his clone is. Last, human cloning can give rise to crime. Once this kind of technique is obtained by the evils, what will happen in the world?
A key question is “Human Cloning, Ethical or Not?”
Since Dolly's arrival for a sober, It was the fear that the techniques could be applied to humans. Some fear that doctors may intentionally collect embryo cells to cure other patients or for research into human cloning. Such action may arouse a fear of science among the public.
The first old chestnut raised was that there would be the cloning of dictators, followed by these possibilities, positive and negative: celebrity cloning, self-cloning, the pre-selection of citizens by the state with its echoes of Aldous Huxley's futuristic novel Brave New World, the reincarnation of dead loved ones, treatment for fertile couples, a route to avoid parental genetic disease being passed on to children and a way to cure terminal illness.
Although human cloning is unsafe, all new medical advances are potentially unsafe, and no progress would be made if safety alone were the issue.
Further, there are some other ethical issues on human cloning.
Cloning would lead to over population since most people who died are cloned and people are still giving birth this would lead to over congestion that can lead to food shortage and other effect that could lead to the degradation of human race.
Cloning can and is the murder of nature, since it has gone against the natural law of nature on reproduction and uniqueness of an individual as such price list will soon be ascribed to cloned human beings
The entire project of cloning is a sky-serious job. It cannot be liken to other aspects of science, this is because it affects us directly since it deals directly with the human person, our lives and understanding and the entire future of mankind.
Now, there were different opinions among many countries.
USA president Bill Clinton has proposed banning research into producing human clones in the US for five years. Some measures have also been made to establish international agreements banning live human clones. Differences rose at a U.N. conference early October 2003. The United States, Costa Rica and the Vatican supported a ban on all cloning research while China, Britain, France and Japan held that cloning research for reproduction and remedy should be treated differently.
China draws policy on human cloning
The Chinese government has officially banned research on human cloning for procreation purposes, but allowed remedial cloning. The Ministry of Science of Technology and Ministry of Health recently issued the《Guidelines for Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells》, the first time China has put out written policy on human cloning. While forbidding research on human cloning for reproduction purposes, it allows cloning on embryonic stem cells and remedial cloning. Research on the embryonic stem cells of human beings is regarded as having bright prospects for curing diseases.
Although human cloning would further complicate the legal issues, this is not grounds for banning it. There is an immense potential for non-human cloning work to provide insight and benefit for the human condition. With the development of human cloning technique, people will find more advantages and would like to accept it in the future.
Firstly, let us to know what is Cloning? and the history of clone
Cloning is the creation of cells or whole animals using DNA from a single "parent", bypassing the normal reproductive process. The clone has the same DNA to the parent. The most common process takes DNA from one cell and puts in a hollowed-out egg. Chemicals and electricity are then used to encourage the new DNA to fuse with the egg and develop into an embryo. Cloning is not new. Experiments with frogs and toads date back to the 1970s. And experiments involving plants and animal embryos have been performed for years. But experiments involving human beings have never been tried or thought possible, until "Dolly", in 1996. This sheep was the first animal that had been cloned form cells taken from an adult. Her birth shocked the scientific community and has spurred discussion about the possibility of human clones.
In fact, we have/will have gotten a great deal of benefits from cloning.
The techniques used have already demonstrated benefits. Polly, another sheep clone at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh has had a human gene inserted so that it produces a blood clotting agent needed by haemophiliacs in its milk. Furtherly, once a cell is duplicated using the genetic materials derived from its host, the cell can acts as a primary cell which are capable of dividing and differentiating into specialized cells such as liver cells as well as nerve cells, and then develop into some kinds of vital organs.
Apart from this, during the process of nurturing the cloned embryo, scientists can extend their scope of knowledge about the mysterious causes and mechanism of certain fatal and incurable diseases like Parkinson’s disease, cancer and AIDs. On the basis of such precious scientific discoveries, scientists are able to explore more ways to combat the diseases above afflicting millions of innocent people and save their lives.
Besides, Cloning can rescues endangered species.
Scientists have succeeded in cloning a gaur, a type of Asian wild ox(牛), which is an endangered species. It may be possible in future to create large numbers of cloned endangered animals. The gaur dying out because the forests where it lives have been destroyed. Company officials were hopeful about the future. ‘This is the first time that we have succeeded in cloning an endangered species using a domestic (驯化的) gaur as a mother, in this case a cow. We now hope that we can use the same process to more endangered species.
Human cloning technique is a evangel for Infertile, childless couples.
Human cloning can cure infertility. The current options for infertile couples are painful, expensive, and heart-breaking. Cloning has the potential to change the world for infertile couples almost overnight. The HCF website, www.HumanCloning.org, accumulates comments from all over the world in support of human cloning. Many of the messages come from childless parents and single women who want to have a child of their own. More and more people are voicing their support for human cloning as a viable option for infertile and childless couples, reports the US-based Human Cloning Foundation.
Although cloning is advocated by many people, there is a violent argument about cloning.
The cloning opponents pay more attentions to the disadvantages of human cloning. First, human cloning is unsafe. Nowadays, human cloning technology is based on animal cloning and there are too many differences between human and other animals. Maybe some deformed infants would be born. Second, it is inefficient. Cloning is of high rate of failure. For example, Dolly comes from 277 embryos. Third, human cloning is against ethic. Many people argue that everyone is unique and what the relation between a person and his clone is. Last, human cloning can give rise to crime. Once this kind of technique is obtained by the evils, what will happen in the world?
A key question is “Human Cloning, Ethical or Not?”
Since Dolly's arrival for a sober, It was the fear that the techniques could be applied to humans. Some fear that doctors may intentionally collect embryo cells to cure other patients or for research into human cloning. Such action may arouse a fear of science among the public.
The first old chestnut raised was that there would be the cloning of dictators, followed by these possibilities, positive and negative: celebrity cloning, self-cloning, the pre-selection of citizens by the state with its echoes of Aldous Huxley's futuristic novel Brave New World, the reincarnation of dead loved ones, treatment for fertile couples, a route to avoid parental genetic disease being passed on to children and a way to cure terminal illness.
Although human cloning is unsafe, all new medical advances are potentially unsafe, and no progress would be made if safety alone were the issue.
Further, there are some other ethical issues on human cloning.
Cloning would lead to over population since most people who died are cloned and people are still giving birth this would lead to over congestion that can lead to food shortage and other effect that could lead to the degradation of human race.
Cloning can and is the murder of nature, since it has gone against the natural law of nature on reproduction and uniqueness of an individual as such price list will soon be ascribed to cloned human beings
The entire project of cloning is a sky-serious job. It cannot be liken to other aspects of science, this is because it affects us directly since it deals directly with the human person, our lives and understanding and the entire future of mankind.
Now, there were different opinions among many countries.
USA president Bill Clinton has proposed banning research into producing human clones in the US for five years. Some measures have also been made to establish international agreements banning live human clones. Differences rose at a U.N. conference early October 2003. The United States, Costa Rica and the Vatican supported a ban on all cloning research while China, Britain, France and Japan held that cloning research for reproduction and remedy should be treated differently.
China draws policy on human cloning
The Chinese government has officially banned research on human cloning for procreation purposes, but allowed remedial cloning. The Ministry of Science of Technology and Ministry of Health recently issued the《Guidelines for Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells》, the first time China has put out written policy on human cloning. While forbidding research on human cloning for reproduction purposes, it allows cloning on embryonic stem cells and remedial cloning. Research on the embryonic stem cells of human beings is regarded as having bright prospects for curing diseases.
Although human cloning would further complicate the legal issues, this is not grounds for banning it. There is an immense potential for non-human cloning work to provide insight and benefit for the human condition. With the development of human cloning technique, people will find more advantages and would like to accept it in the future.
