post hoc和deceased怎么理解？

Because of these preliminary findings, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 167 patients was conducted to examine the effects of highdose intravenous vitamin C (50 mg/kg every 6 hours for 96 hours) on the primary outcome measures of mSOFA score and plasma markers of inflammation and vascular injury in patients with ARDS and sepsis. Although the mSOFA scores, biomarkers of inflammation, and vascular injury were not significantly decreased, the secondary outcomes of 28-day mortality, ICU-free days, and hospital-free days did favor the use of vitamin C (Table 4).61One criticism of the trial was that the mSOFA scores of patients who died or were discharged before the conclusion of the 96-hour study period were excluded from the analysis. In a post hoc analysis incorporating maximum mSOFA scores (20) for patients who were deceased, and minimum scores (0) for those who were discharged alive, a statistically significant improvement of mSOFA score at 96 hours was seen in patients receiving vitamin C.62These findings are exploratory and require confirmation in larger randomized controlled trials.

在脓毒症和肺损伤动物模型中，已证明维生素C可作用于ARDS中一系列病理生理紊乱，包括减轻炎症、改善上皮-内皮功能、加速肺水肿液体的消退、改善凝血障碍。静脉注射维生素C也已在危重病人的临床试验中进行了评价。烧伤患者以剂量66 mg/kg/h给予高剂量维生素C，可减少静脉输液复苏的需要，并可能减少呼吸功能障碍。在脓毒症危重患者中，一项关于维生素C与安慰剂的I期研究显示，大剂量维生素C输注是安全的，并且可能有益，表现为改良序贯器官衰竭评估(MSOFA)评分的改善、炎症的减少但ICU住院时间缩短无统计学意义。由于这些初步研究结果，一项多中心、随机、双盲、167例患者中进行的安慰剂对照试验，以检查高剂量静脉注射维生素C（50 mg/kg，每6小时一次，持续96小时）对ARDS和脓毒症患者的主要预后指标mSOFA评分以及炎症和血管损伤的血浆标志物的影响。虽然mSOFA评分、炎症生物标志物和血管损伤没有明显降低，但28天死亡率、非ICU无住院天数和住院天数的次要结果确实支持维生素C的使用(表4)。该研究的一个缺点是，在96小时研究结束前死亡或出院的患者的mSOFA评分未分析。在事后分析中，纳入了包含死亡患者的最高得分(20分)和生存的出院患者的最低得分(0分)的分析中，服用维生素C的患者在96小时的mSOFA得分统计学显著改善。这些发现是探索性的，需要在更大的随机对照研究中得到证实。

post hoc和deceased怎么理解？谢谢