两个单词理解的对吗？谢谢

Empathy and Countertransference

It would not be reasonable to expect a clinician with expertise and focus on pain management to intuitively perceive and understand behavioral dynamics at the level of a behavioral specialty trained clinician. Medical schools attempt to teach empathy as part of the curriculum, but a recent review identified that the historic metrics of empathy in training may be limiting [7]. Most emphasis has been on cognitive empathy which involves an ability to understand another’s experience and then communicate and confirm that understanding with someone. Affective empathy has more to do with a sense of emotional congruence or feeling about that person’s experience. The blending of cognitive and affective empathy will more likely yield the goal of perceiving a patient’s emotional state and couple it with a motivation to address their welfare. Patients often express a wish to feel heard or be understood more than to be investigated. A patient is a complex being with hopes, wishes, and dreams as well as hurts, regrets, and fears. In modern clinical settings with demands to meet relative value units (RVU), see more patients, and attend to the electronic medical record (EMR), trying to “relate emotionally” with a patient sufficiently may seem a tall order. In a twist on the “mind-body dynamic” interface, there are some practical things the clinician can consider in generating a sense of congruence and collaboration in their patient’s care including posture and taking short spans of time away from the EMR [8]. Consider taking the time to identify and develop the “soft skills” that will enhance your clinician-patient interaction and conceivably even impact patient outcome positively [9]. Think about this as you complete your next new evaluation, for example.

移情和反移情作用

    期望具有专业知识并专注于疼痛管理的临床医生以受过行为专科训练的水平来直观地感知和理解行为的动态变化是不合理的。医学院曾试图把移情作为课程的一部分来教授，但最近的一项研究发现：历史上的移情训练中可能是有限的^[7]。大多数移情课程强调的是认知移情，包括理解他人的经历、与人沟通并确认与他人的理解能力。情感移情更多的是情感的一致性或与个人的情感经验有关。认知和情感移情结合将更有可能感知患者的情绪状态，目的是更好地解决患者的健康问题。患者经常表达的愿望是希望更多地倾听或被理解，而不是评估。每一个患者都是复杂的个体，有希望、愿望、梦想、也有伤害、遗憾和恐惧。在现在的临床条件下，需要满足相对价值单位（relative value units，RVU），即看更多的患者以及处理更多的电子病历（electronic medical record，EMR）。试图和患者进行充分地“情感联系”似乎是一项艰巨的任务。在扭曲的身心互动方面，临床医生需要考虑采取一些实用的措施（包括姿势和短时间远离EMR），以便在患者的治疗中保持一致性和协作感^[8]。花时间来确定和发展能增强医患互动“软技能”，可能会对患者的预后带来积极的影响^[9]。例如，当您完成下一次新的评估时，请考虑这点。