Conversely怎么理解？

All opioids produce a dose-dependent and gender-specific change in ventilation due to direct stimulation of opioid receptors in the ventral and dorsal medullary respiratory nucleus. Opioids decrease the rate of ventilation and often produce apneic spells. This is accompanied by an incomplete compensatory increase in tidal volume with the development of hypercapnia. Opioids will also decrease the sensitivity of CNS chemoreceptors to hypercapnia causing an increase in resting carbon dioxide (CO2) and a shift in the CO2 ventilatory response curve to the right in women but not men. Conversely, opioids increase the apneic threshold in men but not women. In clinical settings, chronic opioid use may induce a variety of abnormal breathing [26].

由于直接刺激延髓呼吸核腹侧和背侧的阿片受体，所有阿片类药物均可引起通气量的剂量依赖性和性别特异性变化。阿片类药物可降低通气率，常产生呼吸暂停发作。随着高碳酸血症的发生，潮气量的不完全性代偿增加。阿片类药物还可降低CNS化学感受器对高碳酸血症的敏感性，导致女性（而非男性）静息二氧化碳(CO2)升高和CO2通气反应曲线右移。相反，阿片类药物可增加男性（而非女性）的呼吸暂停阈值。在临床中，长期使用阿片类药物可能会引起各种呼吸异常[26]。

Apnoeic threshold 是指引起呼吸抑制的PCO2阈值？

是不是就是指触发呼吸的PCO2值？阈值提高就是需要高的PCO2才能触发呼吸？谢谢

https://aneskey.com/opioids-15/

In unmedicated humans, increases in arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure markedly increase minute volume ( Fig. 9.5 ). Under the influence of opioid analgesics, the curve is flattened and shifted to the right for a given carbon dioxide partial pressure and reflecting that the minute volume is smaller. More importantly, the “hockey stick” shape of the normal curve is lost; that is, there may be a partial pressure of carbon dioxide below which the patient will not breathe (i.e., the “apneic threshold”) in the presence of opioids.

Opioid-induced ventilatory depression study methodology. The method characterizes the relationship between Pa co 2 and minute volume. The curve labeled “Normal” represents the expected response of minute volume to rising Pa co 2 levels in an awake human. Note the dramatic increase in minute volume as CO 2 tension rises. The curve labeled “Opioid” represents the blunted response of minute volume to rising CO 2 levels following administration of an opioid. Note that the slope of the curve decreases and the curve no longer has a “hockey stick” shape; this means that at physiologic Pa co 2 levels, the patient receiving sufficient opioid may be apneic or severely hypoventilatory.

apnic threshold 是右边那个阿片类线段与横坐标交点的数值吗？当二氧化碳分压高于阈值的时候，才主动呼吸；那阈值提高是不是要等二氧化碳再蓄积才自主呼吸？那也就是说无论男女都会呼吸抑制，为啥文章说conversely?