总觉得这句话和前后都连不起来

During the days that follow an acute traumatic event, re-experiencing the trauma is rather frequent. Typical manifestations of re-experiencing are intrusive recurrent images of the trauma, thoughts, dreams (nightmares), illusions, or flashback episodes. In addition, avoidance of stimuli that arouse recollections of the trauma or stressful event is a rather common phenomenon. Moderate levels of intrusion and avoidance phenomena are normal and can be seen across all types of traumas. Thus, the presence of intrusive and avoidant symptomatology or behavior does not per se implicate the presence of an acute or PTSD. Only when the level of intrusion and avoidance is high and associated with significant symptoms of trauma-specific arousal over time is the response to be considered as “pathological.” Figures 20.1A and 20.1B illustrate the level of intrusion and avoidance across different populations and stressors. Only a fraction of those subjects did suffer from an acute or posttraumatic stress reaction or PTSD.

在急性创伤事件之后的几天里，再次发生创伤是相当常见的。再次创伤后的典型表现是侵入性的、反复出现的创伤图像、思想、梦(噩梦)、幻觉或倒叙的景像。此外，避免引起对创伤或应激事件的回忆的刺激是一种相当普遍的现象。适度的侵入和回避现象是正常的，在所有类型的创伤中都可以看到。因此，侵入性和回避性症状或行为的存在本身并不意味着急性或创伤后应激障碍的存在。只有当侵入和回避的程度很高，并且随着时间的推移伴随着创伤特异性唤醒的显著症状时，这种反应才被认为是“病理性的”。图20.1A和20.1B显示了不同人群和压力源的入侵和回避程度。这些受试者中只有一小部分确实患有急性或创伤后应激反应或创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)。

In addition, avoidance of stimuli that arouse recollections of the trauma or stressful event is a rather common phenomenon.总觉得这句话和前后都连不起来