urine sediment尿沉渣?

Traditionally, the clinical correlate to this pathological schema has been a subdivision of patients into those with a nephrotic versus nephritic presentation. Disorders that are considered “nephritic” have subnephrotic proteinuria and low glomerular filtration rates. “Nephrotic” disorders have greater proteinuria and more robust glomerular filtration rates. While generally true, this schema may cause diagnostic confusion because nephritic disease may present with nephrotic-range proteinuria, especially earlier in the disease course before glomerular filtration is substantially reduced. It is better to categorize these diseases with a noninflammatory urine sediment (proteinuria alone with no casts or cellular elements) versus an inflammatory sediment (i.e., RBC casts and/or dysmorphic RBCs in conjunction with proteinuria).

一直以来，肾小球疾病相关的临床因素将患者进一步分为肾炎型和肾病型。“肾炎型”肾小球疾病表现为少量肾性蛋白尿和低肾小球滤过率，而“肾病型”肾小球疾病表现为更多的蛋白尿和更高的肾小球滤过率。一般情况下这种分型是正确的，但这种模式可能会导致诊断混乱（因为“肾炎型”肾小球疾病可能会出现肾病范围的蛋白尿，特别是在病程早期，肾小球滤过率显著降低之前）。最好将这些疾病分类为非炎性尿沉渣性疾病(无管型或细胞成分，只有蛋白尿)与炎性炎性尿沉渣性疾病(即除了蛋白尿，还有红细胞管型和/或变形红细胞)。

urine sediment尿沉渣?谢谢