有几个地方看得不大明白？

In many patients with severe hyponatremia, the cause of antidiuresis is reversible. After correction of hypovolemia, cortisol replacement or discontinuation of a medication responsible for hyponatremia, a water diuresis may emerge, risking excessive correction of hyponatremia and the osmotic demyelination syndrome [16–18]. Desmopressin can be used to either prevent or respond to a water diuresis [19–21]. If a water diuresis has already begun, washing out the concentration gradient of the renal medulla, it may take several hours for desmopressin to fully concentrate the urine [22]. Similarly, if the patient is hypokalemic and has impaired kidney function, glucosuria or a high rate or urea excretion, then desmopressin may not completely prevent urinary water losses [23]. Water replacement to prevent or reverse inadvertent overcorrection is usually guided by monitoring the trajectory of serum sodium concentrations. Serial measurements of the urine metabolic panel in spot urine samples can augment serum chemistries to help guide water replacement with D5W.

在许多严重低钠血症患者中，抗利尿的原因是可逆的。纠正低血容量、补充皮质醇或停用导致低钠血症的药物后，可能出现水利尿，水利尿后有低钠血症矫枉过正和渗透性脱髓鞘综合征的风险。去氨加压素可用于预防或治疗水利尿。如果水利尿已经开始，肾髓质的浓度梯度被冲洗掉，去氨加压素可能需要几个小时来充分浓缩尿液。同样地，如果患者是低钾血症，肾功能受损，尿糖或高比率或尿素排泄，那么去氨加压素可能不能完全阻止经尿失水。通常通过监测血清钠浓度变化来指导水的补充，以防止或逆转无意的过度纠正。在随机尿标本中对尿液代谢组套的连续测量可以增强血清生化检查指导作用，以指导5%葡萄糖水的补充。

这几个理解的对吗？谢谢

glucosuria or a high rate or urea excretion，这几个是怎么并列的？