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URINE CHLORIDE 

In toluene intoxication, excess urine NH4is excreted with unmeasured hippurate anions, while in cathartic abuse, NH4is excreted with chloride; routine measurement of chloride in a basic urine metabolic profile helps in the evaluation of unexplained metabolic acidosis [1]. Urine chloride determinations are equally important in the evaluation of unexplained metabolic alkalosis; low or fluctuating urine chloride concentrations are evidence of surreptitious vomiting and diuretic abuse, which result in chloride depletion, while continuous chloride excretion matching dietary intake are found in Bartter and Gitelman syndromes and in hypertensive renal potassium wasting disorders [1]. Timely serial measurements of urine metabolic panels in concert with blood metabolic panels can avoid more expensive and unnecessary genetic evaluations, renin and aldosterone levels.

尿氯

甲苯中毒时，尿中过量的NH4与未测量的马尿酸阴离子一起排出，而在与泻药滥用时，NH4与氯一起排出；常规测定尿液中的氯离子有助于评估不明原因代谢性酸中毒。尿氯测定在不明原因代谢性碱中毒的评估中同样重要；尿液中氯离子浓度低或波动是隐匿性呕吐和滥用利尿剂导致氯离子消耗的证据，同时因饮食摄入在Bartter和Gitelman综合征和高血压性肾钾消耗性疾病中发现持续的氯离子排泄。及时连续测量尿液代谢组套与血液代谢组套可以避免更昂贵和不必要的遗传及肾素和醛固酮水平评估。