a tuning fork test在这里是啥意思?
LEG PAIN INANADOLESCENT RUNNER
a healthy 15-year-old male high school cross country athlete presents to your sports medicine clinic with the chief complaint of left leg pain.
Questions
1 What questions would you ask to further determine the cause of the pain?
1. Where is the pain located? What is the severity of the pain? What is the quality of the pain?When did the pain start? Were there any changes in training or exercise at that time? What has been the progression? What aggravates the pain? What alleviates the pain? Is there pain with weight-bearing or walking? What is his current activity level? How does the pain change with activity? any prior leg injuries? review of systems includes weakness, numbness/tin-gling,cramping, and swelling.
2 the pain is located in the anterior medial shin. His pain started 3 weeks ago as he started increasing the distances he was running in cross-country practices with his school team. He had been training over the summer but significantly increased his mileage when starting practices with school. He has been running on paved surfaces recently but worked out on the track during the summer. pain is absent at rest. With activity, pain is located anteriorly in the right shin and is rated 8/10. Initially, pain would subside as he continued running, but now it persists. He has had to stop running due to the pain. the pain has improved somewhat since he stopped running in the last few days. pain worsens with walking and running and is improved with rest. He denies numbness, tingling, weakness, and lower extremity swelling.What would you do on your physical exam?
2. physical exam includes neurologic exam of reflexes and strength. cardio-vascular exam of distal pulses is performed. Include inspection of lower extremity alignment, foot structure, and ankle/foot alignment with ambulation. palpate along the medial tibial border to determine if a focal or more diffuse area of pain. evaluate range of motion of the ankle and foot including with knee flexed and extended to assess for both gastrocnemius and soleus tightness. perform a tuning fork test. should also include an evaluation of hip and knee range of motion.
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