医学英语视听
医学英语视听(一)
以前学生物的时候,把生命体按照细胞-组织-器官-系统的顺序一步步学习,因此我打算先按此顺序学习基本的医学词汇,其实也不少了~ 细胞相关词汇应该是最枯燥的,为了不打击大家的积极性,打算放到微生物或者免疫学的时候讲。下面从组织相关的词汇开始学习。
一、组织(The tissue)
Histologyis the branchof biology that studies tissues. The human body is composed offour basic types of tissues: the epithelial tissues, the connective tissues, the muscle tissuesand the nervous tissues.
Epitheliaare cellular sheets that line the cavitiesof organsand cover the body surface. It composed of closely aggregated polyhedral cells with strong adhesion to one another and attached to a thin layer of ECM.
The main functions of the epithelial tissue are covering and protecting the body surfaces, absorption, and secretion.
There are mainly two types of epithelial cells, according to the layer of the cells.: simple(one layer) or stratified(more than one layer). They can be further classified into squamous, cuboidal, and columnarcells according to the shape of the cells. Pseudostratifiedcells are those all attached to the basement membranewith nuclei at different levels which makes them seems like stratified (more than one layer) but actually not.
Keratinizationis also a common word for medical reading. When a cell is keratinized, it's filled with keratinand other substances, eventually lose its nucleusand organelles. Keratinized cells may slough off and be replaced by new cells from the basal layer.
The connective tissue will be discussed in the next chapter…
1. Histology 组织学
后缀:-ology 学科
联想:biology 生物学,physiology生理学,pathology 病理学
pharmacology 药理学,pathophysiology病例生物学,
oncology 肿瘤学,immunology 免疫学
parasitology 寄生虫学,microbiology微生物学
pathologist 病理学家/病理学医生 其他的类推,大家都是高智商人群~
前缀:Histo- 组织
联想:immunohistochemical 免疫组化的
其实这个词就是有免疫、组织、化学三个词的词根组起来的,看出来了吗?还没看出来的再复习一下免疫学、组织学、化学三个单词
2. Epithelial 上皮的
前缀:epi- 表面的,上面的
联想:epidermal 表皮的 epicranial 头盖的(头的表面)
epidural hematoma 硬膜外血肿
subdural bleeding 硬膜下出血 (sub- 下面,subcutaneous皮下. )
后缀:thelia- 皮肤
2. Cavity 空腔
联想:thorax cavity 胸腔,peritonial cavity 腹腔,pelvic cavity 盆腔
3. Organ 器官
联想:organelle细胞器(细胞的器官)
organism 生物体
orgasm (敏感词,英文释义the greatest point of sexual pleasure)
4. ECM=extracellular matrix 细胞外基质
前缀:extra- 外面的
联想:intra- 里面的 intracellular 细胞内的,
intraperitonialinjection 腹腔内注射,intravenous injection静脉注射
intramuscular injection 肌肉注射,intrathecal infection 鞘内注射
5. absorption 吸收
6. secretion 分泌
7. stratified 分层的
8. cuiboidal 立方形的
9. columnar 圆柱状的
10. pseudostratified 假复层的
前缀:pseudo- 假的
联想:pseudomembrane 伪膜
pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌
11. basement membrane 基底膜
12. keratinization 角化
keratinized 角化的
keratin 角蛋白
13 nucleus 细胞核
联想:neucleosome 核小体
nucleic acid 核酸
ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸(RNA)
deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)
以上就是今天学习的单词啦,尽量去联想了一些有迹可循的相似的单词方便记忆,大家也可以从这些词汇去加深词根的意义,后面会出专题的词根汇总方便记忆。对于刚开始起步的小伙伴,应该已经够多生单词了吧~
欢迎在评论区添加更多联想词汇,互相分享联想的成果!
最后编辑于 2022-10-09 · 浏览 1220