【摘要翻译】【Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop】传统二维头影测量与三维方法测量人类干头骨的比较
发布于 2005-03-30 · 浏览 766 · IP 浙江浙江
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Original Articles 原著
文题：Comparison between traditional 2-dimensional cephalometry and a 3-dimensional approach on human dry skulls
传统二维头影测量与三维方法测量人类干头骨的比较
作者：Gregory L. Adams, DDS, MS,Stuart A. Gansky, DrPH,Arthur J. Miller, PhD,William E. Harrell, Jr,
DMD,and David C. Hatcher, DDS, MSc, MRCD(c)
杂志全名：American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
年份，卷（期），起止页码：2004,October;126:397-409
PMID：15470343
英文摘要：
The cephalogram is the standard used by orthodontists to assess skeletal, dental, and soft tissue relationships. This approach, however, is based on 2-dimensional (2D) views used to analyze 3-dimensional (3D) objects. The purpose of this project was to evaluate and compare a 3D imaging system and traditional 2D cephalometry for accuracy in recording the anatomical truth as defined by physical measurements with a calibrated caliper. Thirteen skeletal landmarks were located by both radiographic methods on 9 dry human skulls. Intraclass correlation (0.995), variance (0.054 mm2), and standard deviation (SD) (0.237 mm) were averaged over 76 measurements and derived from precision calipers to establish these physical measurements as a reliable gold standard to make comparisons of the 2D and 3D radiographic methods. The results showed great variability of the 2D from the gold standard, with the range varying from _17.68 mm (underestimation of Gn-Zyg R) to +15.52 mm (overestimation of Zyg L-Zyg R). In contrast, the 3D method (Sculptor, Glendora, Calif) indicated a range of the SD from _3.99 (underestimation) mm to +2.96 mm (overestimation). The 3D evaluation was much more precise, within approximately 1 mm of the gold standard. These results indicate that, when the actual distance is measured on a human skull in its true dimensions of 3D space, the Sculptor program, by using a 3D method, is more precise and 4 to 5 times more accurate than the 2D approach. Evaluating distances in 3D space with a 2D image grossly exaggerates the true measure and offers a distorted view of craniofacial growth. There is an inherent problem of representing a linear measure occupying a 3D space with a 2D image. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;126:397-409)
中文翻译：
头颅侧位片是正畸医生用来评价骨骼、牙齿和软组织之间关系的标准。但这种方法（的不足之处）是基于二维的平面视图上来分析三维的目标。本研究的目的是通过使用带刻度的测径器进行物理测量，来评估和比较三维影像系统和传统的二维头影测量方法在记录真实解剖结构上的精确性。在使用两种放射学方法检测的9个干头骨上都标记了13个骨骼标记点。由精密的测径器进行76次测量，结果平均所得的组间相关性为0.995，变异为0.054mm2，标准差为0.237mm，以此作为可靠的金标准来对二维和三维两种放射检测方法进行比较。结果显示二维的测量方法和金标准之间存在较大的差异，变化范围从-17.68mm （低估了Gn-Zyg之间的关系）到+15.52mm（高估了Zyg L-Zyg之间的关系），相反，三维的测量方法(Sculptor, Glendora, Calif)表明标准差的变化范围从-3.99mm（低估）到+2.96mm（高估）。三维的评估更加精确，和金标准之间只有约1mm的差异。这些结果表明，当对人头骨三维空间上的实际距离进行测量时，通过三维的方法，使用Sculptor程序，会更加精确并且比用二维的方法要准确4～5倍。通过二维的影像来评估三维空间上的距离会显著地夸大真实的测量值，并且给颅面部的生长造成了一个歪曲的映像。用二维影像的测量长度来衡量三维空间上的实际距离存在着难以克服的致命问题。
版权声明：本译文文字内容归丁香园网站（ http://www.dxy.cn ）及本人所有，未经网站书面许可，请勿转载或摘编 ！
文题：Comparison between traditional 2-dimensional cephalometry and a 3-dimensional approach on human dry skulls
传统二维头影测量与三维方法测量人类干头骨的比较
作者：Gregory L. Adams, DDS, MS,Stuart A. Gansky, DrPH,Arthur J. Miller, PhD,William E. Harrell, Jr,
DMD,and David C. Hatcher, DDS, MSc, MRCD(c)
杂志全名：American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
年份，卷（期），起止页码：2004,October;126:397-409
PMID：15470343
英文摘要：
The cephalogram is the standard used by orthodontists to assess skeletal, dental, and soft tissue relationships. This approach, however, is based on 2-dimensional (2D) views used to analyze 3-dimensional (3D) objects. The purpose of this project was to evaluate and compare a 3D imaging system and traditional 2D cephalometry for accuracy in recording the anatomical truth as defined by physical measurements with a calibrated caliper. Thirteen skeletal landmarks were located by both radiographic methods on 9 dry human skulls. Intraclass correlation (0.995), variance (0.054 mm2), and standard deviation (SD) (0.237 mm) were averaged over 76 measurements and derived from precision calipers to establish these physical measurements as a reliable gold standard to make comparisons of the 2D and 3D radiographic methods. The results showed great variability of the 2D from the gold standard, with the range varying from _17.68 mm (underestimation of Gn-Zyg R) to +15.52 mm (overestimation of Zyg L-Zyg R). In contrast, the 3D method (Sculptor, Glendora, Calif) indicated a range of the SD from _3.99 (underestimation) mm to +2.96 mm (overestimation). The 3D evaluation was much more precise, within approximately 1 mm of the gold standard. These results indicate that, when the actual distance is measured on a human skull in its true dimensions of 3D space, the Sculptor program, by using a 3D method, is more precise and 4 to 5 times more accurate than the 2D approach. Evaluating distances in 3D space with a 2D image grossly exaggerates the true measure and offers a distorted view of craniofacial growth. There is an inherent problem of representing a linear measure occupying a 3D space with a 2D image. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;126:397-409)
中文翻译：
头颅侧位片是正畸医生用来评价骨骼、牙齿和软组织之间关系的标准。但这种方法（的不足之处）是基于二维的平面视图上来分析三维的目标。本研究的目的是通过使用带刻度的测径器进行物理测量，来评估和比较三维影像系统和传统的二维头影测量方法在记录真实解剖结构上的精确性。在使用两种放射学方法检测的9个干头骨上都标记了13个骨骼标记点。由精密的测径器进行76次测量，结果平均所得的组间相关性为0.995，变异为0.054mm2，标准差为0.237mm，以此作为可靠的金标准来对二维和三维两种放射检测方法进行比较。结果显示二维的测量方法和金标准之间存在较大的差异，变化范围从-17.68mm （低估了Gn-Zyg之间的关系）到+15.52mm（高估了Zyg L-Zyg之间的关系），相反，三维的测量方法(Sculptor, Glendora, Calif)表明标准差的变化范围从-3.99mm（低估）到+2.96mm（高估）。三维的评估更加精确，和金标准之间只有约1mm的差异。这些结果表明，当对人头骨三维空间上的实际距离进行测量时，通过三维的方法，使用Sculptor程序，会更加精确并且比用二维的方法要准确4～5倍。通过二维的影像来评估三维空间上的距离会显著地夸大真实的测量值，并且给颅面部的生长造成了一个歪曲的映像。用二维影像的测量长度来衡量三维空间上的实际距离存在着难以克服的致命问题。
版权声明：本译文文字内容归丁香园网站（ http://www.dxy.cn ）及本人所有，未经网站书面许可，请勿转载或摘编 ！
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