【经验】医学专业英语词根——都记下来，你也可以看懂SCI
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Suffix | Meaning | Example | |
-ac | pertaining to 属于，关于 | cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的 | |
-al | pertaining to | medical: pertaining to medicine | |
-ar | pertaining to | molecular: pertaining to a molecule 分子的 | |
-ary | pertaining to belonging to | ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的 | |
-ase | enzyme 酶 | amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶 | |
-cle | smallness 小,少,贫乏,小气 | follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊 | |
-e | an instrument 仪器 | auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜 | |
-eal | pertaining to | laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx 喉的, 喉音的 | |
-ia | condition; quality | phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕 | |
-ic | pertaining to | toxic: pertaining to toxin 有毒的；因中毒引起的 | |
-ics | study of; name of a science | paediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 儿科学 | |
-ine/in | substance 物质 | insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 胰岛素 | |
-ism | process or condition | alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒 | |
-ist | one who specializes in 精通于……的人 | pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家 | |
-itis | inflammation refers to a part in ……部位的炎症 | rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages 鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎 | |
-(i)um | relation to a whole; related to 与……相关 | endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜 | |
-ive | characterizes by | antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing 止咳药 | |
-let | tiny; small | droplet: a tiny drop 小滴 | |
-ment | the result or product of an action | development: thing which develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature | |
-oid | resembling; like 像 | mucoid: resembling mucus 粘液样的 | |
-ole | little; small | centriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome 细胞中心粒；中心体 | |
-oma | tumor; swelling refers to a doer | dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin 皮肤纤维瘤 | |
-or/-er | either a person or thing | receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受体 | |
-ory | characterized by; pertaining to | suspensory: which is hanging down 悬吊式，悬带 | |
-ose | sugar | fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖 | |
-osis | abnormal condition | onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲 | |
-ous | pertaining to | poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的 | |
-somes | bodies | ribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体 | |
-um | structure; thing; substance 结构，物质 | magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素） | |
-y | condition; act; process | dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良 | |
The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes | |||
Suffix | Meaning | Example | |
-algia | pain; painful; condition | arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛 | |
--ase | enzyme | protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶 | |
-blast | embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎 | hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞 | |
-carcinoma | malignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤 | adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌 | |
-cele | protrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸 | esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出 | |
-centesis | surgical puncture 手术穿孔 | paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术 | |
-capnia | carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 | acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏 | |
-cide | kill | germicide: (substance) which can kill germs 杀菌剂 | |
-clast | cell | phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞 | |
-dynia | pain | glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛 | |
-ectasia/ -ectasis | expansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张) | atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张 | |
-ectomy | surgical excision or removal of | gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术 | |
-edema | excessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿 | myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿 | |
-emia | blood condition | leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病 | |
-emesis | vomiting 呕吐 | hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血 | |
-gen | something that produced or prouduces | pathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体 | |
-genesis | production 生产 | spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生 | |
-globin | protein蛋白质 | hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素 | |
-gnosis | knowledge | diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination | |
-gram | image; picture | electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease. Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram 心电图 | |
-graph(y) | process of recording 记录过程 | electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录 | |
-iasis | condition; state 情况，状况 | cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症 | |
-iatry/ -iatrics | healing, frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支 | podiatry: treatment of foot disorders 足部医疗 | |
-lith | stone | cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石 | |
-logy | the study of | cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学 | |
-logist | one who studies and treats | urologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生 | |
-lysis | breakdown, destruction | hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血 | |
-malacia | softening | osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化 | |
-mania | extreme compulsion or preoccupation强迫症 | kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖 | |
-megaly | giant | acromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症 | |
-metry/ -meter | measurement | spirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法) | |
-odynia | pain | cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛 | |
-one | hormone荷尔蒙，激素 | parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素 | |
-opia | a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病 | myopia: being short-sighted 近视 | |
-opsy | to view | biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检 | |
-osis | morbid condition病态的 | sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症 | |
-osmia | smell | anosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失 | |
-ostomy | process of making an opening into or a connection between 造瘘 | gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术 | |
-oxia | level of oxygen氧水平 | hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues组织缺氧 | |
-pathy | disease; diseased condition | ophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病 | |
-penia | deficiency | leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症 | |
-pepsia | digestion | eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好 | |
--pexy | a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 缝合固定 | hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定术 | |
-phagia/phagy | eating; swallowing 吃，吞咽 | dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难 | |
-phil | attraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物 | basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell which contains granules嗜碱性粒细胞 | |
-phobia | fear | xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶 | |
-plasia | formation; development | hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大 | |
-phonia | voice | dysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难 | |
-plasm | formation; growth or substance of formation | cytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell细胞浆 | |
-plasty | surgical repair | osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术 | |
--plegia | stroke; paralysis 中风 | thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热射病 | |
-pnea | breathing | eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸 | |
--ptosis | a falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ器官下移 | hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver肝下垂 | |
-ptysis | spitting分散 | melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰 | |
-poiesis | production | hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用 | |
-rrhage/ -rrhagia | bursting forth of blood 出血 | menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多 | |
-rrhaphy | surgical sewing or suturing | splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen脾修补术 | |
-rrhea | overflow | hydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢 | |
-(o)rrhexis | splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气 | amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac 羊膜破裂 | |
-sarcoma | malignant tumor developing from connective tissue | liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat 脂肪肉瘤 | |
-schesis | a holding back; suppression of discharge阻碍；抑制排放 | uroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留 | |
-sclerosis | a hardening | dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病 | |
-scope | instrument for viewing | stethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation听诊器 | |
-scopy | process of examining visually | hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查 | |
-spasm | involuntary contraction | angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛 | |
-stasis | suppression; stoppage; control; arrest抑制，中止 | hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding 止血，止血法 | |
-stenosis | abnormal narrowing of a duct or canal管、道德异常狭窄 | laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄 | |
-stomy | surgical opening to the outside of the body造口 | colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon结肠造口术 | |
-tention | pressure | hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压 | |
-therapy | treatment | physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means物理疗法 | |
--tion | process | hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院 | |
-tocia | labor; birth 生产 | embryotocia: abortion 流产 | |
-tome | tool for incision | arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀 | |
-tomy | process of cutting into | gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术 | |
-tropia | turning 转弯，变向 | esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视 | |
-trophy | nourishment or development of an organ器官的营养、发育 | dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism营养不良 | |
-uria | a condition of the urine（小便） | dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难 | |
-version | turning | eversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转 | |
Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes | |||
Prefix | Meaning | Example | |
a-/an- | without; not | aphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully失语症 | |
ab- | away from | abortion: expulsion from the uterus流产 | |
ad- | to; toward; near | adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的 | |
acro- | a point or tip | acronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲 | |
alb- | white | albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白发病者 | |
amb-/ ambi- | both | ambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋 | |
amphi-/ ampho- | both; both sides | amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel起止同源的血管 | |
ana- | up; back again | anabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢 | |
Angio- | a blood vessel | angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel血管瘤 | |
ante- | before | antenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的 | |
anti- | against | antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂 | |
audi- | hearing; sound | audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定 | |
auto- | self | autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the body’s own cells自身抗体 | |
bi- | two; twice | bicellular: two cells两室的 | |
bio- | living organisms生命体 | biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学 | |
brady- | slow | bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓 | |
carcin- | carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤 | carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物 | |
cata- | downwards; under; against; along with | cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障 | |
centi- | one hundredth百分之一 | centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米 | |
co(n)- | with or together | consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的 | |
contra- | against | contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法 | |
de- | removal or loss | decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的 | |
deca- | ten | decagram: ten grams 十克 | |
deci- | tenth | deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升 | |
di- | two | diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言 | |
dia- | through; between; apart; across | diathermy: process of (treating) through heat 透热疗法 | |
dis- | reversal or separate | disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂 | |
dys- | bad; difficult; disordered | dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形 | |
echo- | sound | echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术 | |
ect-/ ecto- | outside or outer | ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤 | |
en- | in; within | enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣 | |
endo- | inside | endocardium: membrane which lines the heart心内膜 | |
epi- | on; over | epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮 | |
ery- | red | erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞 | |
eso- | inward; within(向内) | esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视 | |
eu- | good | eugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学 | |
ex-/ exo- | out of | exhale: to breath out 呼出 | |
extra- | outside | extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的 | |
hemi- | half | hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂 | |
hydro- | water | hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水 | |
hyper- | higher or too much | hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖症 | |
hypo- | less or too little | hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血钾 | |
in- | in or into | inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配 | |
in- | not | incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次 | |
infra- | below or beneath | infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌 | |
inter- | between | interlobular: between lobules小叶间的 | |
intra- | inside | intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内 | |
itro- | into | introvert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state性格内向的人 | |
mal- | bad or abnormal | malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障 | |
meta- | changes | metaplasia: change of one tissue to another 化生，转化，组织变形 | |
micro- | very small | microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞 | |
mid- | middle | midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones腕骨间的 | |
milli- | one thousandth | milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克 | |
mis- | error or wrong | miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产 | |
multi- | many | multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇 | |
noct- | at night | nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症 | |
nona- | nine or the nineth | nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形 | |
octa- | eight | octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次的 | |
odont- | teeth | odontology: study of teeth and associated structures, and their disorders | |
onco- | tumours | oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学 | |
oro- | mouth | orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的 | |
pachy- | thickening | pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚 | |
pali-/ palin- | against; pathologic repetition病态的重复 | palindromic: (disease) which recurs 复发的，再发的 | |
pan-/pant-/ panto- | all | pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症 | |
para- | similar to or near; changed or beyond | paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪 | |
pen-/ penta- | five | pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine 戊糖尿 | |
per- | through | percutaneous: done or administered through the skin经皮的，由皮的 | |
peri- | around | pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder膀胱周炎 | |
pero- | deformed or defective畸形有缺陷的 | peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs 四肢不全 | |
pharmaco- | drugs | pharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and their action, properties and characteristics药理学，药物学 | |
pleo-/ pleio- | too many | pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid多核细胞 | |
pluri- | more | pluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several glands多线性的 | |
pneum-/ pneunmo- | air or the lungs; breathing | pneumonia: inflammation of a lung 肺炎 | |
poly- | touching many organs | polyphagia: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desire for every king of food 多食症，杂食症 | |
post- | after or later | postprandial: after a meal 餐后的 | |
pre- | before of in front of | premature: early or before the normal time 过早的，早产 | |
presby- | old age | presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails gradually老花眼 | |
pro-/ supin-/ pron- | before or in front of lying on the back bend forward | prognosis: prediction of the outcome of a disease预测；预后 | |
quadri-/ quint- | four five/fifth | quadruplet or quad: one of four babies born to a mother at the same time四胞胎 | |
radio- | ray or radiation | radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the affected part to radioactive 放射疗法 | |
semi- | half | semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or part of an organ 轻度睑下垂 | |
sub- | under | submucous: under the mucous membrane粘膜下层的；粘膜下的 | |
super- | above; extremely | superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin白蛋白过多 | |
syn- | with; joint | syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly linked by ligaments 韧带联合 | |
supra- | above; over | suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺 | |
tachy- | fast | tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速 | |
tetra- | four | tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial diseases 四环素 | |
trans- | across; through; beyond | transmission: the transfer, as of a disease, from one person to another 传染 | |
tri- | three | tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎 | |
ultra- | beyond; excess | ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonic sound waves 超声波学 | |
uni- | one | uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的 | |
xen(o)- | strange; foreign | xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant between animals of different species 异种移植物 | |
