【交流】最新一期的NEJM杂志（2009年1月8日）刊登了两篇来自我国大陆的研究论著
发布于 2009-01-08 · 浏览 5699 · IP 山东山东
这个帖子发布于 16 年零 150 天前，其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。
已经有好长时间没在NEJM上看到来自我国大陆的研究论著了，在这新一年的第二期NEJM上一次就刊登了两篇来自我国大陆的研究论著，很是令人欣喜，是个好征兆
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1.
A Strategy to Control Transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China
Long-De Wang, M.D., Hong-Gen Chen, Ph.D., Jia-Gang Guo, Ph.D., Xiao-Jun Zeng, M.D., Xian-Lin Hong, Ji-Jie Xiong, Xiao-Hua Wu, M.Sc., Xian-Hong Wang, Ph.D., Li-Ying Wang, Gang Xia, M.Sc., Yang Hao, M.Sc., Daniel P. Chin, M.D., and Xiao-Nong Zhou, Ph.D.
From the Ministry of Health, Beijing (L.-D.W., L.-Y.W., G.X., Y.H.); Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang (H.-G.C., X.-J.Z.); the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai (J.-G.G., X.-H.Wu, X.-H.Wang, X.-N.Z.); Jinxian Antischistosomiasis Station, Jinxian (X.-L.H.); Office for Schistosomiasis Control of Jiangxi Provincial Government, Nanchang (J.-J.X.); and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, China Office, Beijing (D.P.C.) — all in China.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Zhou at the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China, or at ipdzhouxn@sh163.net.
ABSTRACT
Background Schistosoma japonicum causes an infection involving humans, livestock, and snails and is a significant cause of morbidity in China.
Methods We evaluated a comprehensive control strategy in two intervention villages and two control villages along Poyang Lake in the southeastern province of Jiangxi, where annual synchronous chemotherapy is routinely used. New interventions, implemented from 2005 through 2007, included removing cattle from snail-infested grasslands, providing farmers with mechanized farm equipment, improving sanitation by supplying tap water and building lavatories and latrines, providing boats with fecal-matter containers, and implementing an intensive health-education program. During the intervention period, we observed changes in S. japonicum infection in humans, measured the rate of infection in snails, and tested the infectivity of lake water in mice.
Results After three transmission seasons, the rate of infection in humans decreased to less than 1.0% in the intervention villages, from 11.3% to 0.7% in one village and from 4.0% to 0.9% in the other (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The rate of infection in humans in control villages fluctuated but remained at baseline levels. In intervention villages, the percentage of sampling sites with infected snails decreased from 2.2% to 0.1% in one grassland area and from 0.3% to no infection in the other (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The rate of infection in mice after exposure to lake water decreased from 79% to no infection (P<0.001).
Conclusions A comprehensive control strategy based on interventions to reduce the rate of transmission of S. japonicum infection from cattle and humans to snails was highly effective. These interventions have been adopted as the national strategy to control schistosomiasis in China.
全文链接：
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/360/2/121
2.
Mortality Attributable to Smoking in China
Dongfeng Gu, M.D., Ph.D., Tanika N. Kelly, M.P.H., Xigui Wu, M.D., Jing Chen, M.D., M.Sc., Jonathan M. Samet, M.D., M.S., Jian-feng Huang, M.D., Manlu Zhu, M.D., Ji-chun Chen, M.D., Chung-Shiuan Chen, M.S., Xiufang Duan, M.D., Michael J. Klag, M.D., M.P.H., and Jiang He, M.D., Ph.D
From the Department of Evidence Based Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, and the National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing (D.G., X.W., J. Huang, M.Z., Ji-chun Chen, X.D.); the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (T.N.K., C.-S.C., J. He), and the Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine (Jing Chen, J. He) — both in New Orleans; and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (J.M.S., M.J.K.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Gu at the Department of Evidence Based Medicine, Fu Wai Hospital, 167 Beilishi Rd., Beijing, 100037, China, or at gudf@yahoo.com.
ABSTRACT
Background Smoking is a risk factor for many diseases and has been increasingly prevalent in economically developing regions of the world. We aimed to estimate the number of deaths attributable to smoking in China.
Methods We conducted a large, prospective cohort study in a nationally representative sample of 169,871 Chinese adults who were 40 years of age or older. Investigators for the China National Hypertension Survey collected data on smoking and other risk factors at a baseline examination in 1991 using a standard protocol. Follow-up evaluation was conducted in 1999 and 2000, with a response rate of 93.4%. We used multivariable-adjusted relative risk, prevalence of smoking, mortality, and population size in each age group, stratified according to sex, to calculate the number of deaths attributable to smoking in 2005.
Results There was a significant, dose–response association between pack-years smoked and death from any cause in both men and women after adjustment for multiple risk factors (P<0.001 for trend). We estimated that in 2005, a total of 673,000 deaths (95% confidence interval [CI], 564,700 to 781,400) were attributable to smoking in China: 538,200 (95% CI, 455,800 to 620,600) among men and 134,800 (95% CI, 108,900 to 160,800) among women. The leading causes of smoking-related deaths were as follows: cancer, 268,200 (95% CI, 214,500 to 321,900); cardiovascular disease, 146,200 (95% CI, 79,200 to 213,100); and respiratory disease, 66,800 (95% CI, 20,300 to 113,300).
Conclusions Our study documents that smoking is a major risk factor for mortality in China. Continued strengthening of national programs and initiatives for smoking prevention and cessation is needed to reduce smoking-related deaths in China.
全文链接：
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/360/2/150
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1.
A Strategy to Control Transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China
Long-De Wang, M.D., Hong-Gen Chen, Ph.D., Jia-Gang Guo, Ph.D., Xiao-Jun Zeng, M.D., Xian-Lin Hong, Ji-Jie Xiong, Xiao-Hua Wu, M.Sc., Xian-Hong Wang, Ph.D., Li-Ying Wang, Gang Xia, M.Sc., Yang Hao, M.Sc., Daniel P. Chin, M.D., and Xiao-Nong Zhou, Ph.D.
From the Ministry of Health, Beijing (L.-D.W., L.-Y.W., G.X., Y.H.); Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang (H.-G.C., X.-J.Z.); the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai (J.-G.G., X.-H.Wu, X.-H.Wang, X.-N.Z.); Jinxian Antischistosomiasis Station, Jinxian (X.-L.H.); Office for Schistosomiasis Control of Jiangxi Provincial Government, Nanchang (J.-J.X.); and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, China Office, Beijing (D.P.C.) — all in China.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Zhou at the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China, or at ipdzhouxn@sh163.net.
ABSTRACT
Background Schistosoma japonicum causes an infection involving humans, livestock, and snails and is a significant cause of morbidity in China.
Methods We evaluated a comprehensive control strategy in two intervention villages and two control villages along Poyang Lake in the southeastern province of Jiangxi, where annual synchronous chemotherapy is routinely used. New interventions, implemented from 2005 through 2007, included removing cattle from snail-infested grasslands, providing farmers with mechanized farm equipment, improving sanitation by supplying tap water and building lavatories and latrines, providing boats with fecal-matter containers, and implementing an intensive health-education program. During the intervention period, we observed changes in S. japonicum infection in humans, measured the rate of infection in snails, and tested the infectivity of lake water in mice.
Results After three transmission seasons, the rate of infection in humans decreased to less than 1.0% in the intervention villages, from 11.3% to 0.7% in one village and from 4.0% to 0.9% in the other (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The rate of infection in humans in control villages fluctuated but remained at baseline levels. In intervention villages, the percentage of sampling sites with infected snails decreased from 2.2% to 0.1% in one grassland area and from 0.3% to no infection in the other (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The rate of infection in mice after exposure to lake water decreased from 79% to no infection (P<0.001).
Conclusions A comprehensive control strategy based on interventions to reduce the rate of transmission of S. japonicum infection from cattle and humans to snails was highly effective. These interventions have been adopted as the national strategy to control schistosomiasis in China.
全文链接：
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/360/2/121
2.
Mortality Attributable to Smoking in China
Dongfeng Gu, M.D., Ph.D., Tanika N. Kelly, M.P.H., Xigui Wu, M.D., Jing Chen, M.D., M.Sc., Jonathan M. Samet, M.D., M.S., Jian-feng Huang, M.D., Manlu Zhu, M.D., Ji-chun Chen, M.D., Chung-Shiuan Chen, M.S., Xiufang Duan, M.D., Michael J. Klag, M.D., M.P.H., and Jiang He, M.D., Ph.D
From the Department of Evidence Based Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, and the National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing (D.G., X.W., J. Huang, M.Z., Ji-chun Chen, X.D.); the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (T.N.K., C.-S.C., J. He), and the Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine (Jing Chen, J. He) — both in New Orleans; and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (J.M.S., M.J.K.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Gu at the Department of Evidence Based Medicine, Fu Wai Hospital, 167 Beilishi Rd., Beijing, 100037, China, or at gudf@yahoo.com.
ABSTRACT
Background Smoking is a risk factor for many diseases and has been increasingly prevalent in economically developing regions of the world. We aimed to estimate the number of deaths attributable to smoking in China.
Methods We conducted a large, prospective cohort study in a nationally representative sample of 169,871 Chinese adults who were 40 years of age or older. Investigators for the China National Hypertension Survey collected data on smoking and other risk factors at a baseline examination in 1991 using a standard protocol. Follow-up evaluation was conducted in 1999 and 2000, with a response rate of 93.4%. We used multivariable-adjusted relative risk, prevalence of smoking, mortality, and population size in each age group, stratified according to sex, to calculate the number of deaths attributable to smoking in 2005.
Results There was a significant, dose–response association between pack-years smoked and death from any cause in both men and women after adjustment for multiple risk factors (P<0.001 for trend). We estimated that in 2005, a total of 673,000 deaths (95% confidence interval [CI], 564,700 to 781,400) were attributable to smoking in China: 538,200 (95% CI, 455,800 to 620,600) among men and 134,800 (95% CI, 108,900 to 160,800) among women. The leading causes of smoking-related deaths were as follows: cancer, 268,200 (95% CI, 214,500 to 321,900); cardiovascular disease, 146,200 (95% CI, 79,200 to 213,100); and respiratory disease, 66,800 (95% CI, 20,300 to 113,300).
Conclusions Our study documents that smoking is a major risk factor for mortality in China. Continued strengthening of national programs and initiatives for smoking prevention and cessation is needed to reduce smoking-related deaths in China.
全文链接：
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/360/2/150
最后编辑于 2022-10-09 · 浏览 5699
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