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【求助】请问perikarya（核周体）的明确定义

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神经外科

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这个帖子发布于10年零308天前，其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。

如题，不太清楚中文对这个结构的定义，请有经验的战友指点。

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2009-12-20 22:52 浏览 : 5291 回复 : 9

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Most neurons have three main parts:

Dendrites
Perikarya (cell bodies)
Axon
The dendrites are receptive to stimuli and bring stimuli from the environment (sensory epithelial cells or other neurons) to the cell body. There are usually several dendrites per neuron.
The perikaryon (cell body) is also receptive to stimuli, but also serves as the trophic or synthesizing center for the whole nerve.

The axon is a long process emerging from the cell body. There is only a single axon for each neuron. The axon transmits impulses to other neurons, or to effectors: muscle or gland cells. The distal portion of the axon is usually branched (terminal arborization).

2009-12-22 16:53

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The shape of the neurone and its processes

Neurones have long processes, which extend from the part of the cell body around the nucleus, the perikaryon or soma. The processes can be divided into two functionally and morphologically different groups, dendrites and axons.
Dendrites are part of the receptive surface of the neurone. As a rule, neurones have one to several primary dendrites, which emerge from the perikaryon. Primary dendrites may divide into secondary, tertiary etc. dendrites. Dendrites can be smooth, or they can be studded with small, mushroom-shaped appendages, which are called spines.

Each neurone has as a rule one axon, and never more than one axon which emerges from the perikaryon or close to the trunks of one of the primary dendrites. The point of origin of the axon from the perikaryon is the axon hillock. The axon may, like the dendrites, branch as it travels through the nervous tissue to its destination(s). The axon is the "transmitting" process of the neurone.