参考译文讨论阶段——《全国医学博士英语统一考试历年真题》翻译活动试运行之二
这个帖子发布于 13 年零 72 天前，其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。
在大家的共同努力下，《全国医学博士英语统一考试历年真题》翻译活动试运行之一已经进入到自由讨论环节。为使活动紧凑，时间不滞后，第1期活动进入讨论环节的同时，我们开始第2期活动的翻译阶段。在活动细节方面组织者又进行了细微的调整，在原来的基础上，我们加入了试题解析讨论的环节，详情参照活动规则，此次仍为试运行。
活动规则（参照回翻英文活动，待完善）：
1.基本流程：参与者把下文翻译完成后将译文跟帖发出（此时的设置为仅回帖者自己可见），翻译时限7天，期满后解除设置（所有人的译文均可见），大家跟帖参与讨论及互评（组织者会调动大家对问题比较多的，比较难的词汇、句子、语法开展讨论），讨论阶段（翻译讨论与试题解析讨论同时进行）期满后由专家前辈点评、总结，并将各位点评者讨论得出的标准译文及试题答案公示，大家自行参照，有疑问者可提问，由专家前辈解析、答疑。
2.参与翻译者可获加一分，对于优秀译文将多予一分奖励（翻译时限过后取消屏蔽，此时再跟帖发译文者不再予以加分）；互评阶段言之有理有据者可酌情予以加分。采用翻译软件整段翻译的战友不予加分，情节严重者酌情扣分。
3.鼓励查找并贴出文章原文，并对原文及所在出处（如杂志、书籍）给予适当点评，也鼓励对文章的题材体裁、篇章框架结构、精美的可借鉴的语句、作者主旨意图等诸多方面发表个人看法、见解，只要是围绕文章言之有物的讨论，都将酌情予以加分。
4. 每篇文章下面均附有试题（5道），对于试题部分的翻译不作要求，本着自愿原则，但每道题需给出自己的答案。对于试题解析方面的讨论请不要在本帖中跟帖，翻译讨论阶段启动时，组织者会另开试题解析讨论贴，大家请在该贴中跟帖讨论。组织者为鼓励试题解析讨论，对言之有物者酌情予以加分，就每题的解题思路、技巧、经验、见解等等，大家可各抒己见，广泛讨论。
5. 参与本活动者请现真身，谢绝马甲参与。
6. 本活动规则为试行，如有不妥处请各位战友不吝赐教，采纳者将以加分感谢！
7. 本活动最终解释权归英语沙龙版。
以下为本次试运行的翻译材料，即2010年医学博士英语试题阅读理解第4篇，内容如下：
Passage Four
Get ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn't involve huffing andpuffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.
The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body's effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. "The smart thing is that we've put them in one machine."
And it's not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition aschildren develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy, And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp's device is safe to use repeatedly.
Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn't fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.
To find out a body's volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject's volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.
There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body's resistance. But this method doesn't take body shape into account -- so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That is because skinny legs -- with a lower cross-sectional area -- will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower -- rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.
Tapp's method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.
1. The new machine is designed ______
A. to picture the body's hidden fat
B. to identify those at risk for obesity
C. to help clinically treat specific cases
D. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects
2. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that ______
A. it performs a dual function
B. it is of great accuracy in measurement
C. it has significant implications in clinical practice
D. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy
3. Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential to spare?
A. A minuscule current.
B. A radioactive tracer.
C, A water tank.
D. All of the above.
4. In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner ______
A. quickens the pace of the patient's rehabilitation
B. is highly appreciated for its safety
C. features its measuring precision
D. is easy to operate in the clinic
5. For scanning, all the subject has to do is ______
A. take up a form of workout in the gym
B. turn round the body fat scanner
C. lie on the electromagnetic field
D. stand in the system
yushukui致！
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
各位站友：
为了鼓励各位站友积极支持，考博版对本系列活动给予了很大的支持！
各位认真参与翻译的站友，均可在
http://phd.dxy.cn/bbs/topic/22843377?ppg=2
贴中进行登记，有机会获得考博版的额外加分支持！
谢谢各位的支持！
qjluo
活动规则（参照回翻英文活动，待完善）：
1.基本流程：参与者把下文翻译完成后将译文跟帖发出（此时的设置为仅回帖者自己可见），翻译时限7天，期满后解除设置（所有人的译文均可见），大家跟帖参与讨论及互评（组织者会调动大家对问题比较多的，比较难的词汇、句子、语法开展讨论），讨论阶段（翻译讨论与试题解析讨论同时进行）期满后由专家前辈点评、总结，并将各位点评者讨论得出的标准译文及试题答案公示，大家自行参照，有疑问者可提问，由专家前辈解析、答疑。
2.参与翻译者可获加一分，对于优秀译文将多予一分奖励（翻译时限过后取消屏蔽，此时再跟帖发译文者不再予以加分）；互评阶段言之有理有据者可酌情予以加分。采用翻译软件整段翻译的战友不予加分，情节严重者酌情扣分。
3.鼓励查找并贴出文章原文，并对原文及所在出处（如杂志、书籍）给予适当点评，也鼓励对文章的题材体裁、篇章框架结构、精美的可借鉴的语句、作者主旨意图等诸多方面发表个人看法、见解，只要是围绕文章言之有物的讨论，都将酌情予以加分。
4. 每篇文章下面均附有试题（5道），对于试题部分的翻译不作要求，本着自愿原则，但每道题需给出自己的答案。对于试题解析方面的讨论请不要在本帖中跟帖，翻译讨论阶段启动时，组织者会另开试题解析讨论贴，大家请在该贴中跟帖讨论。组织者为鼓励试题解析讨论，对言之有物者酌情予以加分，就每题的解题思路、技巧、经验、见解等等，大家可各抒己见，广泛讨论。
5. 参与本活动者请现真身，谢绝马甲参与。
6. 本活动规则为试行，如有不妥处请各位战友不吝赐教，采纳者将以加分感谢！
7. 本活动最终解释权归英语沙龙版。
以下为本次试运行的翻译材料，即2010年医学博士英语试题阅读理解第4篇，内容如下：
Passage Four
Get ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn't involve huffing andpuffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.
The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body's effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. "The smart thing is that we've put them in one machine."
And it's not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition aschildren develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy, And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp's device is safe to use repeatedly.
Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn't fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.
To find out a body's volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject's volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.
There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body's resistance. But this method doesn't take body shape into account -- so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That is because skinny legs -- with a lower cross-sectional area -- will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower -- rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.
Tapp's method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.
1. The new machine is designed ______
A. to picture the body's hidden fat
B. to identify those at risk for obesity
C. to help clinically treat specific cases
D. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects
2. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that ______
A. it performs a dual function
B. it is of great accuracy in measurement
C. it has significant implications in clinical practice
D. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy
3. Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential to spare?
A. A minuscule current.
B. A radioactive tracer.
C, A water tank.
D. All of the above.
4. In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner ______
A. quickens the pace of the patient's rehabilitation
B. is highly appreciated for its safety
C. features its measuring precision
D. is easy to operate in the clinic
5. For scanning, all the subject has to do is ______
A. take up a form of workout in the gym
B. turn round the body fat scanner
C. lie on the electromagnetic field
D. stand in the system
yushukui致！
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
各位站友：
为了鼓励各位站友积极支持，考博版对本系列活动给予了很大的支持！
各位认真参与翻译的站友，均可在
http://phd.dxy.cn/bbs/topic/22843377?ppg=2
贴中进行登记，有机会获得考博版的额外加分支持！
谢谢各位的支持！
qjluo
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