22年CATTI三级英译汉·吸烟与新冠
不是我写的,转载
In times of stress, like living through a global pandemic, it’s natural to fall back on soothing habits---gardening, playing video games or lighting up a cigarette.
1. In times of stress, like living through a global pandemic, it’s natural to fall back on soothing habits---gardening, playing video games or lighting up a cigarette.
in times of stress, like living through a global pandemic
in部分为总,like部分为分,各自占的篇幅又短,合并是不错的选择,处理为「像...的压力时期」。
fall back 是回归的意思,回归habits,其实就是重拾旧习,不过旧习有贬义之嫌,所以还是翻译为以往的习惯。
看到its后半句,应该能想到断句,除非能做到用词精简,否则直接翻译就很冗长。这里建议把评论部分(形容词)单独拎出,因为汉语「先事实,后评论」的情况比较多,阅卷老师看起来比较顺眼。
在新冠疫情这样的压力时期,重拾过去的习惯,如园艺、打游戏、或是点燃一支香烟,都是人们寻求安慰的自然反应。
But what are the risks, given that the novel coronavirus at the center of the current crisis attacks the lungs?
A at the center of B 可以理解为,前者是后者的中心,即新型冠状病毒是当前疫情的中心,不过,指的一定不是物理意义,所以应该翻译为「当前疫情的核心」,当前有点奇怪,说此次就可以,既包含了当下之意,又符合汉语表达。
这句话,given that 部分应该先做处理,因为given that引导的是原因;此外,把what are the risks放在句尾翻译,也能更好地衔接下文;
attack 的翻译要盯准主语(病毒)和宾语(肺部),如果觉得「新冠攻击肺部」有些奇怪,可以适当增译,比如「新冠病毒具有攻击肺部的特点」,恰当地增译可以增强句子的通顺性。
考虑到此次疫情的核心—新型冠状病毒—具有攻击肺部的特点,那么吸烟者会面临何种风险呢?
The science is in its early stages, but studies are finding that cigarette smokers are more likely to have severe infections.There is data to show that if you are a smoker, you’re more likely to have adverse outcomes from COVID-19, need mechanical ventilation and die than if you’re not a smoker. Smoking damages the lung defense mechanisms, making it harder to fight off COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases.
Smoking damages the lung defense mechanisms, making it harder to fight off COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. making it harder to fight off,有两个否定含义,1是hard,2是off,直译是更难抵御,其实反话正说会通顺许多,「吸烟会损害肺部防御机制,使其对新冠肺炎等呼吸道疾病的抵抗力下降」,不过为了保留原文的否定含义,没有做更改。
尽管相关科学研究仍处于早期阶段,但已有研究表明,吸烟者更容易发展成重症病例。数据显示,与不吸烟者相比,吸烟者感染新冠病毒后,出现不良后果的风险更高,需要机械通气治疗的可能性更大,死亡率也更高。此外,吸烟会破坏肺部保护机制,这进一步增加了抵御新冠等呼吸道疾病的难度。
What does science say? Early data was conflicting. Some reports indicated that smoking was not associated with increased adverse outcomes and that smokers were underrepresented in hospital settings, leading some to claim that smokers might even have immunity to the virus. But specialists dismissed the claims as"really fringe staff". One study found that of those who died of COVID-19, 9 percent were current smokers compared with 4 percent of those who survived. Smoking, for one thing, inhibits blood cells that would otherwise clean and repair damaged lungs.
Early data was conflicting.
早期数据有所分歧。这样翻译看起来没问题,读起来也顺嘴。但是,数据能有分歧吗?有分歧的是看数据的人。
人们对早期的研究数据解读不一。
"really fringe staff"
fringe有边缘之意,所以在这里,是指前面的话「站不住脚」/「不着边际」/「无稽之谈」,其实如果没有really,翻译为无稽之谈就不好了,因为属于给作者增添不必要的情感色彩,不过有了really,就可以翻译为「完全/一点也+站不住脚/无稽之谈」。
Smoking, for one thing, inhibits blood cells that would otherwise clean and repair damaged lungs.
看到for one thing, 本以为后面会出现for another,表示「一方面,另一方面」,可是后面没有,说明不能这样翻译;还有种可能,表示“例如”,即作者想强调的东西,所以可以翻译为「值得一提的是」。
重点在后半句,说吸烟会阻止血细胞,先把「阻止」改改。
然后,回到原文,本来血细胞是用来清理和修复受损肺细胞的,结果吸烟破坏了这种功能,所以翻译的时候,可以把「otherwise不然」转化为「导致某某功能没有发生」。
值得一提的是,吸烟会影响血细胞功能,导致受损的肺组织无法得到有效的清理和修复。
那么,科学界对此有何见解?人们对早期的研究数据解读不一。有报告指出,吸烟与不良后果之间并无明确关联,在医院的就诊数据中,相对于不吸烟患者,吸烟患者的比例偏低,甚至有人声称,吸烟者可能对新冠病毒有一定的免疫力。但专家对此表示反对,认为这些言论“根本站不住脚”。一项研究发现,在新冠病毒的死亡病例中,9%的人近期有吸烟习惯,而在幸存的新冠患者中,这一比例只有4%。值得一提的是,吸烟会影响血细胞功能,导致受损的肺组织无法得到有效的清理和修复。
What about e-cigarettes? Less is known about how coronavirus patients who use e-cigarette products are faring, but several doctors suspect their trajectory will mirror that of cigarette smokers. Smoking e-cigarettes has all the same adverse effects as smoking ordinary cigarettes does. Smoking anything can irritate the lining of your lungs. If you irritate the lining of your lungs, you set yourself up for trouble, because the disease kills people by attacking the lungs.
trajectory就是我们常说的,病情发展轨迹,mirror镜子,在这里是动作,就是「相似」的意思;
Smoking e-cigarettes has all the same adverse effects as smoking ordinary cigarettes does.
上下文的衔接。上文对两种吸烟方式都有所提及,即电子烟和正常烟,所以为了行文简洁,后面可以直接处理为「两者」,不要小瞧这些细节,翻译很大程度上就是考察细节,小到标点,大到翻译顺序,都是辛苦权衡的结果。
Smoking anything ,指的不是「吸任何东西」,因为如果这么理解的话,吸入空气应该也可以,但是空气显然不会造成负面影响。所以这里说的还是吸烟/电子烟,我处理为「它们」。
那么,吸电子烟有何影响?关于吸电子烟的患者状况,我们知之甚少,但几位医生怀疑其病情发展轨迹可能会与吸烟者相似。两者的负面影响完全相同。它们都会刺激脏胸膜。一旦后者受到刺激,就有麻烦了,因为新冠病毒正是通过攻击肺部致人死亡的。
最后编辑于 01-27 · 浏览 311