LMCHK考纲7【骨科】

Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 骨科手术与创伤学

Bone and Joint Infection 骨关节感染

• Acute and chronic infections 急性及慢性感染
• Necrotising fasciitis 坏死性筋膜炎

Adult Knee and Hip Arthritis 成人膝关节与髋关节炎

• Degenerative arthritis 退行性关节炎
• Rheumatological conditions with orthopaedic implication: ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis 与骨科相关的风湿病：强直性脊柱炎、类风湿性关节炎
• Gout and pseudogout 痛风及假性痛风
• Avascular necrosis of femoral head 股骨头缺血性坏死

Orthopaedic Traumatology 骨科创伤学

• Common musculoskeletal injuries including geriatric fractures, multiple trauma and open fractures 常见的肌肉骨骼损伤，包括老年性骨折、多发伤及开放性骨折
• Common dislocations 常见脱位
• Interpretation of x-ray of fractures and dislocations 骨折及脱位X光片的解读
• Classification, clinical features, complications and healing of fractures 骨折的分类、临床特点、并发症及愈合
• Management of fractures including reduction, immobilisation and rehabilitation 骨折的管理，包括复位、固定及康复
• Compartment syndrome and Volkmann’s contracture 骨筋膜室综合征及Volkmann挛缩

Common Sport Injuries and Related Problems 常见运动损伤及相关问题

• Importance of physical activity for health, potential side effects of excessive activity such as overuse or traumatic sports injuries 体育锻炼对健康的重要性，过度锻炼的潜在副作用，如过度使用或创伤性运动损伤
• Knee problems:
• a. Tear of ligaments 韧带撕裂
• b. Meniscal injury 半月板损伤
• c. Chondromalacia patellae 髌骨软化症
• d. Acute knee haemarthrosis 急性膝关节积血
• Ankle problems:
• a. Ankle sprain including anterior talo-fibular ligament injury 脚踝扭伤，包括前距腓韧带损伤
• b. Rupture of tendoachilles 跟腱断裂
• Shoulder problems:
• a. Shoulder dislocation and instability 肩关节脱位及不稳定性
• b. Multidirectional instability and general laxity 多方向不稳定性及关节松弛
• c. Impingement, supraspinatus tear and other rotator cuff tears 肩撞击症、冈上肌撕裂及其他肩袖撕裂
• d. Frozen shoulder 肩关节冻结（冻结肩）

Elbow problems 肘部问题：

• a. Tennis elbow 网球肘
• b. Golfer’s elbow 高尔夫球肘

Others 其他：

• a. Osgood-Schlatter disease 奥斯古德-施拉特病

Paediatric Orthopaedics 小儿骨科

• Bone growth 骨骼生长
• Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸
• Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) 髋关节发育不良
• Transient synovitis of hip 髋关节暂时性滑膜炎
• Children’s injuries and fractures 儿童损伤及骨折

Disorders and Injuries of the Spine 脊柱的疾病与损伤

• Conditions leading to neck or back pain 导致颈部或背部疼痛的情况
• Prolapsed intervertebral disc (PID) 椎间盘突出症
• Spinal stenosis 脊柱狭窄
• Neurogenic claudication (compared with vascular claudication) 神经性跛行（与血管性跛行的比较）
• Cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy 颈神经根病及脊髓病
• Lumbar radiculopathy 腰神经根病
• Cauda equina syndrome 马尾综合症
• Management and complications of spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤的管理及并发症

Common Hand Problems 常见手部问题

• Common injuries: domestic injuries, sports injuries (e.g. mallet finger and scaphoid fracture), traffic accidents and falls 常见损伤：家庭损伤、运动损伤（如槌状指及舟骨骨折）、交通事故及跌倒
• Three phases of management for hand injuries: first aid, definitive management, rehabilitation 手部损伤的三个管理阶段：急救、明确处理、康复
• Outcome measurement of hand injuries 手部损伤的效果评估
• De Quervain’s tenosynovitis 德奎尔韦恩腱鞘炎
• Trigger finger 扳机指
• Lateral and medial epicondylitis 外侧及内侧上髁炎
• Cumulative trauma disorders 累积性创伤障碍
• Nerve entrapments, double crush syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome 神经卡压、双重挤压综合症、腕管综合症、肘管综合症
• Common lumps and bumps: ganglion, giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath, nerve sheath tumour, lipoma, dermoid cyst 常见的肿块和凸起：腱鞘囊肿、腱鞘巨细胞瘤、神经鞘瘤、脂肪瘤、皮样囊肿
• Acute infection 急性感染
• Nerve injuries and nerve palsies 神经损伤及神经麻痹
• Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, complex regional pain syndrome I and II 反射性交感神经营养不良，复杂区域性疼痛综合征I型和II型

Orthopaedic Rehabilitation 骨科康复

• Meaning of impairment, disability and handicap 损伤、残疾及障碍的含义
• Multidisciplinary approach for rehabilitation 康复的多学科方法

Foot and Ankle Injuries and Disorders 足部和踝部损伤及疾病

• Hallux valgus 拇外翻
• Diabetic foot 糖尿病足
• Ankle sprain 脚踝扭伤
• Plantar fasciitis 足底筋膜炎
• Bunions 拇囊炎
• Flat foot 扁平足
• Ingrown toenail 嵌甲
• Ischaemia – acute and chronic 缺血——急性和慢性

Musculoskeletal Tumours 肌肉骨骼肿瘤

• Principles of management for benign bone and soft tissue tumours 良性骨及软组织肿瘤的管理原则
• Principles of treatment for malignant tumours 恶性肿瘤的治疗原则
• Basis of clinical staging and its application 临床分期的基础及其应用
• Concept of marginal, intra-lesional, wide local, and radical excision for musculoskeletal tumours 肌肉骨骼肿瘤的边缘切除、病灶内切除、广泛局部切除及根治性切除的概念
• Overall management of metastatic disease 转移性疾病的整体管理
• Classic osteosarcoma and its management 经典骨肉瘤及其管理

Miscellaneous 其他

Metabolic bone disease 代谢性骨病：

• Osteoporosis 骨质疏松症
• Neurofibromatosis 神经纤维瘤病
• Marfan syndrome 马凡氏综合征