LMCHK考纲4【儿科】
Paediatrics 儿科
i. History Taking 病史采集
- Fever 发热
- Weight loss 体重下降
- Pyrexia of unknown origin 不明原因发热
- Failure to thrive 生长发育迟缓
- Joint pain 关节疼痛
- Child neglect/abuse 儿童忽视/虐待
- Prolonged neonatal jaundice 新生儿黄疸延长
- Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (runny nose, cough, etc.) 上呼吸道感染的症状(流鼻涕、咳嗽等)
- Acute shortness of breath 急性呼吸急促
- Small head 小头
- Big head 大头
- Squint 斜视
- Limping 跛行
- Obesity 肥胖
- Skin rash 皮疹
- HEADSS assessment tool HEADSS评估工具
ii. Physical Examination 体格检查
- Dysmorphism 畸形
- Features of Down syndrome 唐氏综合征特征
- Café au lait spot 咖啡牛奶斑
- Depigmented spot 色素减退斑
- Haemangioma 血管瘤
- Atopic eczema 特应性湿疹
- Lymphadenopathy 淋巴结肿大
- Chickenpox/rubella 水痘/风疹
- Assessment of hydration state 水合状态评估
- Otitis media 中耳炎
- Cataract/corneal clouding 白内障/角膜混浊
- Nutrition 营养状况
- Pneumonia 肺炎
- Big head/small head 大头/小头
- Skeletal dysplasia 骨骼发育不良
- Undescended testis 隐睾症
iii. Cases 病例
- Obesity 肥胖
- Vomiting 呕吐
- Acute diarrhoea 急性腹泻
- Chronic diarrhoea 慢性腹泻
- Feeding problems 喂养问题
- Failure to thrive 生长发育迟缓
- Irritable hip 易激惹性髋关节
- Eczema 湿疹
- Developmental delay e.g. floppy infant 发育迟缓,例如松弛婴儿
- Growth disturbance e.g. short stature 生长障碍,例如身材矮小
- Behavioural difficulties 行为问题
- Psychological response to illness 疾病的心理反应
- Abuse/neglect 虐待/忽视
- Pneumonia 肺炎
- Sinusitis 鼻窦炎
- Accidents and poisonings 意外事故及中毒
- Stings and bites (insects and snakes) 叮咬及咬伤(昆虫及蛇)
Cardiology 心脏病学
- Innocent murmur 无害性杂音
- Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉狭窄
- Atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损
- Ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损
- Aortic stenosis 主动脉狭窄
- Transposition of the great arteries 大动脉转位
- Coarctation of aorta 主动脉缩窄
- Fallot’s tetralogy 法洛四联症
- Patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭
- Heart failure 心力衰竭
Child Neurology / Developmental Paediatrics / Neurohabilitation 儿童神经学 / 发育儿科 / 神经康复
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)
- Autism spectrum disorder/autistic features 自闭症谱系障碍/自闭症特征
- Delayed speech 语言发育迟缓
- Learning disability or mental retardation (mild/moderate/severe) 学习障碍或智力低下(轻度/中度/重度)
- Blindness 失明
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy 杜氏肌营养不良
- Spinal muscular atrophy 脊髓性肌萎缩症
- Neurofibromatosis 神经纤维瘤病
- Epilepsy 癫痫
- Febrile convulsion 高热惊厥
- Cranial nerve palsy 颅神经麻痹
- Syndromes (Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Angelman syndrome) 综合征(唐氏综合征、脆性X综合征、天使综合征)
- Cerebral palsy (hemiplegia, diplegia, tetraplegia, dyskinetic) 脑性瘫痪(偏瘫、双瘫、四肢瘫、运动障碍型)
- Floppy baby 松软婴儿
- Tuberous sclerosis 结节性硬化症
- Global developmental delay 全面发育迟缓
- Tension headache 紧张性头痛
- Migraine 偏头痛
Endocrinology 内分泌学
- Constitutional delay of growth 体质性生长延迟
- Short stature 矮小症
- Delayed puberty 青春期延迟
- Early/precocious puberty 早发/性早熟
- Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能减退及亢进
- Obesity 肥胖
- Growth hormone deficiency 生长激素缺乏症
- Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病
Gastroenterology 胃肠病学
- Acute abdominal pain 急性腹痛
- Chronic abdominal pain 慢性腹痛
- Vomiting 呕吐
- Diarrhoea 腹泻
- Constipation 便秘
- Jaundice 黄疸
- Abdominal mass (e.g. hepatosplenomegaly) 腹部肿块(如肝脾肿大)
- Dehydration 脱水
- Hepatomegaly 肝肿大
- Splenomegaly 脾肿大
Haematology / Oncology / Immunology / Infection 血液学 / 肿瘤学 / 免疫学 / 感染学
- Malignancy 恶性肿瘤
- Leukaemia 白血病
- Brain tumour 脑肿瘤
- G6PD deficiency 葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)缺乏症
- Thalassaemia major 重型地中海贫血
- Haemophilia 血友病
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 特发性血小板减少性紫癜
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura 过敏性紫癜(Henoch-Schönlein紫癜)
- Gastroenteritis 胃肠炎
- Urinary tract infection 尿路感染
- Upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染
- Croup 哮吼
- Acute bronchiolitis 急性细支气管炎
- Pneumonia 肺炎
- Kawasaki disease 川崎病
- Rheumatic fever 风湿热
- Infectious mononucleosis 传染性单核细胞增多症
- Viral exanthema 病毒性皮疹
- Impetigo 脓疱疮
- Cellulitis (including orbital and periorbital cellulitis) 蜂窝织炎(包括眼眶及眼眶周围蜂窝织炎)
- Urticaria 荨麻疹
- Molluscum contagiosum 传染性软疣
- Arthritis (e.g. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis) 关节炎(如幼年型类风湿关节炎、化脓性关节炎)
- Systemic lupus erythematosus 系统性红斑狼疮
- Meningitis and encephalitis 脑膜炎及脑炎
- Adverse effects after immunisation 疫苗接种后的不良反应
- Refusal of vaccination 拒绝接种疫苗
Nephrology 肾脏病学
- Urinary tract infection 尿路感染
- Enuresis 遗尿症
- Hypertension 高血压
- Nephrotic syndrome 肾病综合征
- Acute glomerulonephritis 急性肾小球肾炎
- Acute nephritis 急性肾炎
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura 过敏性紫癜(Henoch-Schönlein紫癜)
- Neuropathic bladder 神经源性膀胱
- Vesico-ureteric reflux 膀胱输尿管返流
Respiratory System 呼吸系统
- Allergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎
- Pneumonia 肺炎
- Asthma 哮喘
- Tuberculosis 结核病
- Croup 哮吼
- Tonsillitis/viral respiratory infections 扁桃体炎/病毒性呼吸道感染
- Bronchiolitis 细支气管炎
- Obstructive sleep apnoea 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停
Neonatology 新生儿科
- Neonatal jaundice 新生儿黄疸
- Prematurity 早产
- Maternal/perinatal infection 母体/围产期感染
- Congenital malformations, genetic and chromosomal abnormalities 先天性畸形、遗传及染色体异常
- Perinatal asphyxia 围产期窒息
- Multiple pregnancy 多胎妊娠
- Small for Gestational Age and Large for Gestational Age 小于胎龄儿和大于胎龄儿
- Intrauterine growth restriction 宫内生长受限
- Intraventricular haemorrhage 脑室内出血
- Hydrocephalus 脑积水
- Transient tachypnoea of the newborn 新生儿一过性呼吸急促
- Respiratory distress syndrome 呼吸窘迫综合征
- Meconium aspiration 胎粪吸入
- Pneumonia 肺炎
- Pneumothorax 气胸
- Intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻
- Necrotising enterocolitis 坏死性小肠结肠炎
Critical Care / Emergencies 危重症护理/急诊
- Anaphylaxis 过敏性休克
- Adrenal crisis 肾上腺危象
- Acute shortness of breath 急性呼吸急促
- Acute asthma 急性哮喘
- Upper respiratory tract obstruction (croup) 上呼吸道阻塞(哮吼)
- Septicaemia 败血症
- Acute confusion 急性意识模糊
- Shock 休克
- Coma 昏迷
- Dehydration (secondary to gastroenteritis) 脱水(继发于胃肠炎)
- Status epilepticus 癫痫持续状态
- Accidental poisoning 意外中毒
- Cardiac failure 心力衰竭
- Trauma 创伤
Public Health, Medical-social & Ethical Issues 公共卫生、社会医学与伦理问题
i. Public Health 公共卫生
- Prevention of accidents 预防意外
- Notification of communicable diseases 传染病的报告
- Screening for thalassaemia 地中海贫血筛查
- Screening for hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退筛查
ii. Medical-social 社会医学
- Baby with chronic disability 慢性残疾的婴儿
- Habilitation/disabilities 适应能力/残疾
- Child abuse 儿童虐待
- Single mother 单亲母亲
iii. Ethics 伦理问题
- Palliative care of terminal disease 终末期疾病的姑息治疗
- Personal responsibility for health from childhood 从儿童时期开始的个人健康责任
- Prenatal counselling/abortion 产前咨询/堕胎
- Single mother 单亲母亲
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