that是不是就是指胸壁组织阻力？

The time-dependent change in compliance represented by the spring and dashpot in series could be as a result of many factors. Redistribution of gas makes only a negligible contribution in a healthy human; the major component is because of viscoelastic flow resistance in tissue. In anaesthetized healthy subjects, tissue resistance is of the order of half of the respiratory system resistance, and seems to be largely unaffected by end-expiratory pressure or tidal volume.1 Tissue resistance originates from both lung and chest wall tissues, with a significant proportion originating in the chest wall.The magnitude and importance of this component, particularly in lung disease, is often underestimated, and it is clearly important to distinguish airway resistance from that afforded by the total respiratory system. Separate measurement of tissue resistance is described in the following section.

弹簧-阻尼器串联模型表示顺应性随时间变化是多因素的。健康人体中，气体重分布对此几乎不影响，主要原因是组织内的黏弹性流动阻力。在麻醉的健康受试者中，组织阻力约为呼吸系统阻力的一半，且似乎其很大程度上不受呼气末压力或潮气量的影响。组织阻力来源于肺和胸壁组织，且有相当比例来自胸壁。常常低估胸壁组织组织阻力的大小与重要性，尤其在有肺部疾病时，因此很明显，区分气道阻力和整个呼吸系统中的胸壁组织阻力很重要。组织阻力的单独测量将在下一节阐述。

1.that是不是就是指胸壁组织阻力？

2.afforded by the total respiratory system整个呼吸系统中的？有没有必要翻译？

谢谢