创骨英文 | 髋关节韧带到底有几条？今天我终于全记住了！！！

1. 髂股韧带(Iliofemoral lig.) 位关节前面，呈“人”字形，尖起自髂前下棘前下方,向外下呈扇形放散,止于转子间线全长。此韧带内外侧部较厚,外侧部又名上束，斜行达转子间线上部，是全身最强的韧带之一，厚8~10mm，可经受250kg的牵张力。上方被股直肌腱纤维增强,下方被臀小肌深面腱纤维增强。内侧部又名下束,几呈垂直方向止于转子间线下部,下束可经受100kg的张力。髂股韧带可限制大腿过伸,防止躯干后倾,与臀大肌共同作用,维持身体于直立姿势。还可限制大腿外展和旋外。整复髋关节脱位时,可以此韧带做为支点。

1. The Iliofemoral ligaments (Iliofemoral ligaments) are located in front of the joint, in a "human" shape, and the apex starts from below the front of the anterior inferior iliac spine, and spreads outward and downward in a fan shape, ending in the full length of the intertrochanteric line. The medial and lateral part of this ligament is thicker, and the lateral part is also called the upper bundle, which runs diagonally up to the intertrochanteric line. It is one of the strongest ligaments in the whole body, with a thickness of 8~10mm and can withstand 250kg of tension. The upper part is reinforced by femoral rectus tendon fibers and the lower part is reinforced by gluteus minimus deep facial tendon fibers. The inner part is also the lower band, which is mostly stopped in the vertical direction at the lower part between the rotors, and the lower band can withstand 100kg of tension.The iliofemoral ligament limits thigh hyperextension, prevents the trunk from leaning backward, and works with the gluteus maximus to maintain the body in an upright position. It can also restrict thigh abduction and pronation. This ligament can be used as a fulcrum when repairing hip dislocation.

2.耻股韧带(Pubofemoral lig.) 呈三角形,居囊的下壁。内端起自髂耻隆起,耻骨上支和闭孔嵴,有耻骨肌纤维与之交织;纤维斜向下外,止于转子窝前方及髂股韧带下束内侧,可限制大腿外展及旋外。

2. Pubofemoral lig are triangular in shape, occupying the lower wall of the bursae. The inner end originates from the iliopectineal eminence, the superior rami of the pubis and the obturator crest, and the fibers of the pubis are interwoven with it. The fibers are placed diagonally downward in front of the trochanteric fossa and medial to the inferior fasciculus of the iliofemoral ligament, limiting the abduction and rotation of the thigh.

3.坐股韧带(Ischiofemoral lig.) 位关节后面,起自髋臼后下部,向外上行,经股骨颈后面,一部分纤维织入轮匝带,一部分纤维附着于转子窝的前方、髂股韧带的深面。此韧带可限制大腿内收和旋内。

3. The Ischiofemoral ligaments (Ischiofemoral ligaments) are located behind the joint, starting from the lower posterior part of the acetabulum and ascending outward-through the back of the femoral neck. A part of the fibers are woven into the orbicularis band, and a part of the fibers are attached to the front of the trochanteric fossa and the deep surface of the iliofemoral ligaments. This ligament can limit the adduction and pronation of the thigh.

4.轮匝带(Orbicular zone) 由环形纤维构成,环绕股骨颈中部,其外侧部纤维肥厚,略突入于关节腔。此韧带有部分纤维与耻股韧带和坐股韧带愈合。

4. The Orbicular zone is composed of circular fibers that surround the middle of the femoral neck. The fibers in the lateral part of the orbicular zone are hypertrophy and slightly protrude into the joint cavity. Some fibers of this ligament are fused with the pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments. 

补充：

一、髋臼(Acetabulum) 呈倒置杯形，位髋骨外侧面中部，朝向前外下方。髋臼中央部深而粗糙,称髋臼窝(Acetabular fossa),未覆有关节软骨,骨壁很薄,可因疾病遭破坏或因外伤而被穿通,窝为股骨头韧带所占据。窝的周围有平滑的半月形关节面，称月状面(Lunate surface)，上部较宽，前后端略窄。髋臼边缘呈堤状,称髋臼缘(Acetabular limbus),其下缘有一切迹,称髋臼切迹(Acetabular notch)。切迹中架有一坚韧的髋臼横韧带(Transverse acetabular lig.),恰好把髋臼下部的缺口弥补成完整的球窝。横韧带与切迹之间的孔隙有股骨头韧带动脉通过。髋臼缘和髋臼横韧带周边镶有一圈纤维软骨，即髋臼唇(Acetabular lip),可增加髋臼深度。髋血窝为纤维脂肪所填充，当关节内压增大或减小时，这些移动性脂肪可被挤出或吸入，以维持关节内外压力的平衡。