那得多高的死亡率啊？

Mortality from MT using rigid instruments ranges between 0.09 and 0.34% [37, 60]. Talc poudrage is associated with 0.69% mortality, and a major contribution (9 deaths out of 16) was from a large randomized study conducted in the USA using nongraded talc [61]. Major complications (prolonged air leak, hemorrhage, empyema, pneumonia, and port site tumor growth) occurred in 1.8%, while minor complications (subcutaneous emphysema, wound infection, fever, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias during the procedure) occurred in 7.3% [62].

使用硬性器械的MT死亡率在0.09%～0.34%^[37,60]。滑石粉胸膜固定术与0.69%的死亡率相关，最大的一项研究来自美国未分级的患者使用滑石粉进行的一项大型随机研究（16人中9人死亡）^[61]。严重并发症（持续漏气、出血、脓胸、肺炎和切口部位肿瘤）发生率为1.8%，轻型并发症（皮下气肿、伤口感染、发热、低血压和操作时的心律失常）发生率为7.3%^[62]。

查原文

Study objective: To demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and appropriate mode of instillation of talc for sclerosis in treatment of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs).

研究目的：证明滑石粉滴注硬化治疗恶性胸腔积液 (MPEs) 的有效性、安全性和适当方式。

Design: A prospective, randomized trial was designed to compare thoracoscopy with talc insufflation (TTI) to thoracostomy and talc slurry (TS) for patients with documented MPE.

设计：一项前瞻性随机试验旨在比较胸腔镜检查和滑石粉注入 (TTI) 与胸腔造口术和滑石粉浆 (TS) 对 MPE 患者的治疗效果。

Measurements: The primary end point was 30-day freedom from radiographic MPE recurrence among surviving patients whose lungs initially re-expanded > 90%. Morbidity, mortality, and quality of life were also assessed.

测量：主要终点是 30 天内肺部最初再扩张 > 90% 的幸存患者的影像学 MPE 复发率。还评估了发病率、死亡率和生活质量。

Results: Of 501 patients registered, those eligible were randomized to TTI (n 242) or TS (n 240). Patient demographics and primary malignancies were similar between study arms.Overall, there was no difference between study arms in the percentage of patients with successful 30-day outcomes (TTI, 78%; TS, 71%). However, the subgroup of patients with primary lung or breast cancer had higher success with TTI than with TS (82% vs 67%). Common morbidity included fever, dyspnea, and pain. Treatment-related mortality occurred in nine TTI patients and seven TS patients. Respiratory complications were more common following TTI than TS (14% vs 6%). Respiratory failure was observed in 4% of TS patients and 8% of TTI patients, accounting for five toxic deaths and six toxic deaths, respectively. Quality-of-life measurement demonstrated less fatigue with TTI than TS. Patient ratings of comfort and safety were also higher for TTI, but there were no differences on perceived value or convenience of the procedures.

结果：在登记的 501 名患者中，符合条件的患者被随机分配到 TTI (n = 242) 或 TS (n = 240)。研究组之间的患者人口统计学和原发性恶性肿瘤相似。

总体而言，研究组之间在 30 天结果成功的患者百分比方面没有差异（TTI，78%；TS，71%）。然而，原发性肺癌或乳腺癌患者亚组的 TTI 成功率高于 TS（82% 对 67%）。常见病症包括发烧、呼吸困难和疼痛。 9 名 TTI 患者和 7 名 TS 患者发生了与治疗相关的死亡。 TTI 后呼吸系统并发症比 TS 更常见（14% 对 6%）。在 4% 的 TS 患者和 8% 的 TTI 患者中观察到呼吸衰竭，分别导致 5 例中毒死亡和 6 例中毒死亡。生活质量测量显示 TTI 比 TS 疲劳更少。患者对 TTI 的舒适度和安全性评分也更高，但在程序的感知价值或便利性方面没有差异。

Conclusions: Both methods of talc delivery are similar in efficacy; TTI may be better for patients with either a lung or breast primary. The etiology and incidence of respiratory complications from talc need further exploration. (CHEST 2005; 127:909 –915)

结论：两种滑石粉给药方式疗效相似； TTI 可能更适合肺部或乳腺原发性患者。滑石粉引起的呼吸系统并发症的病因和发生率需要进一步探索。 (胸部 2005; 127:909 –915)

原文是9人在TTI组死亡，7人在TS组死亡，都是滑石粉治疗，总数是501人，9+7=16，16/501=3.2%

哪有那么高的死亡率啊？9/16=56%