能否直接翻译成“短期”?
Early in pregnancy the foetal brainstem develops a ‘respiratory centre’, which produces uninterrupted rhythmic breathing activity for many years. Throughout life the subject is mostly unaware of this action, which is closely controlled by a combination of chemical and physical reflexes. In addition, when required, breathing may (within limits) be completely overridden by voluntary control or interrupted by swallowing and involuntary nonrhythmic acts such as sneezing, vomiting, hiccupping or coughing. The control system is complex, with its automatic ability to adapt the action of the respiratory muscles to the changing demands of posture, speech, voluntary movement, exercise and innumerable other circumstances which alter the respiratory requirement or influence the performance of the respiratory muscles.
孕早期,胎儿脑干就发育形成了一个“呼吸中枢”,可产生多年不间断的节律性的呼吸活动。在整个生命过程中,生命体大多没有意识到这种由化学和物理反射相结合的紧密控制的呼吸作用。此外,必要时,呼吸能(在一定限度内)完全被自主控制,或被吞咽和被不自主的非节律的行为(打喷嚏、呕吐、打嗝或咳嗽等)打断。呼吸控制系统是复杂的,为适应不断变化的姿势、讲话、自主活动、运动和无数其他改变呼吸需求或影响呼吸肌性能的情况,呼吸控制系统能自动调节呼吸肌动作。
within limits与completely overridden 是否矛盾,这里的within limits估计就是指“短期”,能否直接翻译成“短期”,短期内呼吸能完全自主调控?谢谢
最后编辑于 2023-01-13 · 浏览 2790