什么叫expulsive efforts？用力呼气？谢谢

Effort Closure

Tighter occlusion of the larynx, known as effort closure, is required for making expulsive efforts. It is also needed to lock the thoracic cage, securing the origin of the muscles of the upper arm arising from the rib cage, thus increasing the power which can be transmitted to the arm. In addition to simple apposition of the vocal folds described previously, the aryepiglottic muscles and their continuation, the oblique and transverse arytenoids, act as a powerful sphincter capable of closing the inlet of the larynx by bringing the aryepiglottic folds tightly together. The full process enables the larynx to withstand the highest pressures which can be generated in the thorax, usually at least 12 kPa (120 cmH2O) and often more. Sudden release of the obstruction is essential for effective coughing (page 46), when the linear velocity of air through the larynx is said to approach the speed of sound.

Laryngeal muscles are involved in controlling airway resistance, particularly during expiration, and this aspect of vocal fold function is described in Chapter 5.

用力闭合

将喉部更紧密的闭合（即所谓的用力闭合），需要用力呼气。还需要胸廓锁定，这样可以固定来自肋骨的上臂肌肉起点，从而增加可以传递到手臂的力量。除了前面所述的声带的简单对位，杓会厌肌及其延续，即起到强大的括约肌作用的杓斜肌和杓横肌，能够使杓状会厌襞紧密贴合，从而关闭喉的入口。整个过程喉部能够承受的最大胸腔的压力≥12 kPa (120 cmH₂O)。突然解除阻塞对有效咳嗽至关重要(第46页)，这时通过喉部的气流线速度接近声速。

喉肌参与控制气道阻力，尤其是在呼气时，而声带在这一方面的功能将在第 5 章中描述。

什么叫expulsive efforts？用力呼气？谢谢