or链接哪两个并列？

Surfactant production and release are also both impaired by ALI, possibly as a result of altered alveolar expansion patterns which normally influence surfactant release.1Reduced surfactant function increases the surface forces in the alveolus and encourages fluid transudation (page 16). Finally, mechanisms that normally clear fluid from alveoli (page 341) are impaired in ARDS because of the effects of neutrophil cytokines on the ion channels responsible or from direct damage to alveolar epithelial cells.

表面活性剂功能的降低增加了肺泡表面张力并促进了液体渗出（第16页）。最后，ARDS时，因为中性粒细胞因子对离子通道的影响或直接损伤肺泡上皮细胞，使得正常清除肺泡积液的机制障碍（第341页）²²。

or链接哪两个并列？of和from 并列吗？谢谢