仅作为最后手段 啥意思？

Multimodal analgesia in the ERAS Society setting involves using combinations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol, anticonvulsant agents, and calcium channel blockers, which all target different pain receptors and pain transmission pathways peripherally and centrally. Using combinations of nonopiate medications and regional analgesia may allow clinicians to avoid or significantly reduce systemic opiate consumption altogether, reserving them as a last resort only. The goal is to optimize pain control while minimizing unpleasant and harmful drug side effects, particularly those caused by opiates. Common routes of delivery include intravenous (IV), oral, rectal, and topical; however, ERAS Society recommends that transition from the IV to oral routes should be expedited if possible to reduce risks from cannula use, cannula site thrombophlebitis, and facilitate mobility and discharge

ERAS时的多模式镇痛涉及使用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)和扑热息痛、抗惊厥药和钙通道阻滞剂的组合，这些药物针对不同的疼痛受体和外周及中枢疼痛传递途径。非阿片类药物和区域镇痛的不同组合可以让临床医生避免或显著减少全身阿片类药物的使用，仅作为最后手段。ERAS多模式镇痛目标是优化疼痛控制，同时最小化不愉快和有害的药物副作用，尤其是由阿片类药物引起的副作用。常见的给药途径包括静脉内(IV)、口服、直肠和局部给药；然而，era协会建议尽可能加快从静脉途径到口服途径的过渡，以降低插管使用、插管部位血栓性静脉炎的风险，并促进早期活动和出院