massive transfusions指什么？

Although plasma is used extensively in the treatment of bleeding patients, evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing its effect with that of other therapeutic interventions is currently lacking [29, 45]. Transfusion of FFP is frequently ineffective for correction of the outcome-related pathologies of bleeding, hypofibrinogenemia, low fibrin polymerization, and poor clot strength [46]. Nevertheless, plasma is recommended by multiple international guidelines, especially for massive transfusions [29, 47]. This requires at least 30 mL/kg body weight (BW) at 30–50 mL/min [47]. Plasma was inferior in a prospective randomized study as compared to a coagulation factor-based resuscitation strategy [46]. It is known that freezing and thawing reduces the concentration of coagulation factors by approximately 10% and that pathogen-inactivation causes additional impairment of certain plasma components [29, 48]. Whether the clinical effects of FFP, freeze-dried plasma, and solvent/detergent plasma are comparable remains to be proven

然血浆广泛用于出血患者的治疗，但与其他治疗比较，目前缺乏随机对照研究的证据。FFP输注对于纠正与预后相关的出血、低纤维蛋白原血症、低纤维蛋白聚合和血凝块强度不佳等病理常常无效。然而，多项国际指南推荐，尤其在大输血时，使用血浆。这需要在30～50毫升/分钟的速度下输注至少30毫升/千克理想体重。在一项前瞻性随机研究中，与基于凝血因子的复苏策略相比，血浆疗效较差。众所周知，冷冻和解冻会使凝血因子的浓度降低约10%，病原体灭活又会对某些血浆成分造成额外的损害。FFP、冻干血浆和经溶剂/去污剂处理过的血浆的临床效果是否相当还有待证实。

massive transfusions就是指大量成分输血吗？