翼腭窝的解剖与临床（含精美图集）

我爱解剖学

发布于 2020-04-24 · 浏览 8256 · IP 香港香港

这个帖子发布于 5 年零 8 天前，其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。

翼腭窝（pterygopalatine fossae）位于颅后侧，为眶下的小的锥状间隙。

后界为翼突根和邻近的蝶骨大翼前面，

内侧界为腭骨垂直板及其眶突和蝶突，

前界为上颌骨后面的最上内侧部。

外侧经翼上颌裂与颞下窝相通。

在翼腭窝后壁内有两个开口，圆孔和翼管。圆孔内穿行上颌神经，翼管内走行翼管神经。从翼板外侧面观，可见圆孔位于翼管上外侧。

翼腭窝内的主要内容物有上颌神经及其分支、翼腭神经节和上颌动脉终末端。

交通

翼腭窝的八大交通

4个管（翼管、腭鞘管、腭大管、腭小管）；两孔（蝶腭孔、圆孔）；两裂（眶下裂、翼上颌裂）

1、向前有眶下动脉和神经、颧神经经眶下裂通眼眶；

2、向内有蝶腭动脉和蝶腭神经的鼻后支经蝶腭孔通鼻腔；

3、向后有上颌神经经圆孔通颅中窝；

4、向后与翼管神经、动脉经翼管通破裂孔；

5、向下有腭降(大)动脉、腭大神经经腭大管通口腔；

6、向下还有腭小动脉（腭降动脉的小分支）、腭小神经经腭小管通口腔；

7、向后下有腭鞘动脉经腭鞘管与鼻咽部相交通；

8、向外经翼上颌裂与颞下窝相交通。

X片：虚线示翼腭窝

CT：斜坡层面

The Pterygopalatine Fossa, Orbit, and Maxilla.

A, Enlarged anterior oblique view of the pterygopalatine fossa. The pterygopalatine ganglion receives communicating rami from the maxillary nerve. The sphenopalatine branch passes through the sphenopalatine foramen to enter the lateral nasal cavity.

B, The terminal branch of the maxillary artery and nasal branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion penetrate the lateral wall of the nasal cavity to course along the sphenoid face.

C, Anterosuperior view of the orbit. The maxillary nerve gives rise to the infraorbital, zygomatic, and superior alveolar nerves. The anterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa is formed by the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus.

D, Anterosuperior view of the maxilla. The maxillary nerve enters the infraorbital groove and canal by passing through the inferior orbital ﬁssure and continues as the infraorbital nerve. The infraorbital nerve emerges in the face through the infraorbital foramen.

E, The posterior wall of the right maxillary sinus has been removed to expose the pterygopalatine fossa. The maxillary artery is located anterior to the pterygopalatine ganglion. The palatine nerves descend through the palatine foramina of the maxilla located at the inferior tip of the pterygopalatine fossa.

F, The right buccolabial muscles have been removed to expose the branches of the infraorbital nerve. The branches of the infraorbital nerve communicate with the branches of the facial nerve to form infraorbital plexus in the infraorbital space.

G, The branches of the infraorbital nerve have been removed. The infraorbital nerve gives rise to anterior superior alveolar nerve just behind the infraorbital exit through the foramen. (Images courtesy of AL Rhoton, Jr.)