心脏解剖实体演示-2|经典教学视频

该视频展示的是香港中文大学心胸外科David Quinn博士和Malcolm Underwood教授以猪心脏为例，进行心脏解剖结构详细讲解（注：猪的心脏稍小，约为人类心脏的2/3，但在解剖学上非常相似）。

这里是全部讲解的Part2

Part1请看这里

下面是结合AI听译的讲解内容，因为是现场讲解，有些口语化或停顿的地方，个别单词听的不清楚，如有错误也请指出然后修改。

When removed most of the anterior mitral valve leaflet and dissected the posterior mitral valve leaflet from its attachment to the annulus and reflected it anteriorly, revealing the undersurface of the posterior mitral valve leaflets demonstrating primary chords to the edge of the leaflet, second chords to the under surface of the body of the leaflet and tertiary chords from the propeller muscle and ventricle to the point of attachment of the leaflet to the mitral annulus. You can also see the anterolateral papillary muscle head beneath the mitral valve leaflet. Also of interest is the relationship between the atrium and the coronary sinus. In this case we've opened the right atrium to demonstrate to you the SVC, the IVC which has been opened and the coronary sinus, which opens into the right atrium like so. But which course is around the circumference of the mitral valve annulus. The coronary sinus can be cannulated through the right atrium with a cardioplegia cannula for the delivery of retrograde cardioplegia in some instances.

Tricuspid valve (三尖瓣) antaomy

We're now going to move to a previously processed specimen which will demonstrate the incision that we make in the right atrium to expose the tricuspid valve. This incision would run from the right atrial appendage in a straight line to about one centimeter away from inferior vena cava of a cannulation point approximately. here superior vena cava remains intact this would be a cannulation point, the inferior cava we've transected and opened out this would be its opening into the base of the right atrium guarded by the eustachian valve. Next to it just to remind you is the coronary sinus opening into the right atrium guarded by the thebesian valve and then we can see the pectinate muscles of the right atrial appendage and through here we can demonstrate some of the leaflets of the tricuspid valve. The most easily seen is the septal leaflet here and its base of which would guard the conducting tissues. Here we can see the posterior leaflet I bring it forward then the largest which is the anterior leaflet. We can see the tricuspid annulus here and we've dissected the anterior leaflet away from its attachment to the annulus to reveal beneath it a similar although possibly less well understood arrangement of attachments of chords to papillary muscles as you see in the mitral valve.

Trans-oesophageal echocardiography 经食管超声心动图

In this case we're going to remove the apex of the heart to demonstrate the left and right ventricles and this would be equivalent to the trans axis short axis view. This thick-walled chamber is the left ventricle the thinner wall banana-shaped chamber is the right ventricle and we can demonstrate here that the pillory muscles are seen from the apex looking into the heart equivalent again to the trans gastric short axis view. In this view we're demonstrating the mid esophageal short axis aortic valve. And we can see the right atrium, the left atrium and separating the atria from the aortic valve is the transverse sinus, then comes aortic valve with its main sign three leaflets and then the right ventricular outflow tract guarded by the tri leaflet pulmonary valve. The aortic valve would the left coronary sinus with the right coronary sinus and the non-coronary sinus. So we're now going to demonstrate the mid esophageal by cable view. this is the superior vena cava and we've removed the inferior vena cava there to open out the kv the inferior vena cava would be here demonstrating right atrium, left atrium and the intra atrial septum. site of a true septal defects. We're now going to demonstrate the mid esophageal for chamber of view. And we've opened up the left ventricular wall to reveal the left ventricular chamber with the posteromedial papillary muscle and it's attachments to the mitral valve. Then the intraventricular septum and here we can demonstrate the posterior interventricular groove which contains a continuation of the right coronary artery called the posterior descending artery then we come to the right ventricular chamber with the papillary muscles of the tricuspid valve. The atria ventricle connection which we will remove in a minute leads to the right atrium and then we have the intra atrial septum and the left atrium. So now we've removed the atrial ventricular connections to reveal the tricuspid valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle and then on the left side the atrial ventricular connection has been separated to reveal the left atrium separated by the mitral valve from the left ventricle. We're now going to demonstrate the relationships of the intraventricular septum. Here we can see the thinnest part of the septum you can almost see the glove through the membranous septum just beneath the aortic valve which is where the thing is through which the thing has been inserted. The thicker part of the septum the muscular septum is lower down between the left ventricle and the right ventricle. In this view we're demonstrating the mid esophageal long axis view. To show the aortic valve three leaflets and the part of the mitral valve left ventricle and atrium in the long axis view, having removed much of the intraventricular septum. The left ventricular outflow tract is demonstrated here with the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve in continuity with part of the left coronary and non-coronary cusps of the aortic valve.