2019年同济大学医学院考博英语真题
lm1971 已点赞更新：考博经验贴：http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/topic/41992541#41992541
第一次在园子里发帖，如有不规范之处，还请宽恕则个。
我可能过于自负了，考前两周才着手准备，从园子里下载了师兄师姐们分享的资料，买了几本书，又拖延了一周才开始看。考完心灰意冷，与母校八年情谊怕是再难续前缘了。但是本着济人济事济天下的同济精神，还是把今天的真题整理一下，以惠后人。
题型与往年没有变化，词汇单选0.5′*20=10′，阅读理解5篇*5题*2′=50′，英译汉20′，写作20′。
词汇题个人感觉比较难，可能因为我根本也没准备过（惭愧惭愧）。形近词，意近词，意近短语都有涉及，非常考验平时积累。考前我估摸着翟天临博士这个超级热门大瓜肯定会在考试中有所体现，还稍微准备了一下这方面的词汇以备写作文，没想到这瓜出在了词汇题里，还出了个完全没见过的生词。吃瓜也没吃上热乎的呀，生气。
往年考试中，仅2018年曾经出现过完型填空，今年又不见了。大概出题老师也没决定好这个题型到底有没有必要考吧。
阅读理解5篇，篇幅较往年考试短，文章也不难理解，就算有生词，放在语境里也比较好理解。但有些题目出得实在剑走偏锋。下面是我在从学校回家的地铁上搜集的真题或原文，大家品一品。
第一篇：网上找到的专八模拟题，不知道是哪个机构出的题。贴图太麻烦，把原文、题目、答案一起做成WORD放在附件里了。原网址在此：https://www.ppkao.com/shiti/10210722/
第一题选D 本田和日产共占22%。第二题选D 把大车换掉是为了省油。第三题选A 以后的人买丰田卡罗拉和本田思域的价格会更高。第四题选B 该项政策一定程度上也对美国汽车制造商有利。第五题不是原题，应该是同济的出题老师自己原创的，我选的是B decrease，但如果查字典的话，可能更贴合 D delete，这道题我不确定。
第二三四篇顺序记不清了，就随便写顺序了。
第二篇：节选自该文章http://www.perishablepundit.com/index.php?date=08/10/07&pundit=1，题目是problems with food miles。文章太长，考题里没有都选入，我也不放了。还在网上找到了可能是哪个机构拿来做专八模拟题的，题目跟本次考题一致，但我下载不下来，附链接：https://www.ppkao.com/shiti/9998384/。
啊，优秀如我，终于找到了。http://www.doc88.com/p-8572318398091.html 然而做错了一大堆，都是后来改错的，哭唧唧。
TO describe the woes of bricks-and-mortar bookstores is to join the dirge-singing chorus. Everyone knows the tune: sales at bookstores have fallen because buyers are ordering books online or downloading them to e-readers. Bookstores may be great places to browse and linger, but online is where the deals are. In the latest chapter in the Borders saga, the bookstore chain has agreed to sell its assets for $215m to Direct Brands, a media-distribution company owned by Najafi. This will serve as the opening bid for the company’s bankruptcy-court auction, scheduled for July 19th.
Whatever happens at the auction will dictate the fate of the bookseller, which has already closed more than a third of its stores. Because Direct Brands is an online distributor of music, DVDs and books, some speculate that a deal with Najafi will do little to keep the remaining bookstores open. Rather, the company will probably see value in the Borders distribution network and liquidate most everything else. Regardless, the story doesn’t look good for store employees and their dwindling patrons.
（Like Barnes & Noble, Borders has a reputation for being a brutish corporate behemoth that has been edging out more humane book-selling competition for decades. Isn’t this just a story of comeuppance? But as we noted in March, these colossal book empires have also played an important role as often lone bookstores in small American towns and suburbs, where readers may otherwise be limited to what can be found at Wal-Mart. A friend and former colleague who grew up in Texas often bristled when New Yorkers kvetched about stores like Borders. When one of these multi-storey bookstores moved into his home-town, he couldn’t believe his luck. Urban centres can be counted on to provide affable places to buy tomes, flirt with bookworms and listen to visiting authors. Elsewhere it is stores like Borders that have provided a rare, atmospheric and pressure-free space for bibliophiles, often in strip malls next to a Home Depot.
But alas, this precious “pressure-free” element may be the problem. Now that these bookstores are closing, local papers are lamenting the loss even as they profile customers who never quite managed to open their wallets. A recent article in the Elk Grove Patch, for example, considered the precarious fate of its local Borders bookstore—the only non-religious bookstore in the Californian city, just south of Sacramento. Yet the locals quoted are perfect examples of the problem:
Then there’s Emmanuel Evans, a 19-year-old “comic-book aficionado who says he"s burned through at least 50 books while crouching in the store's cozy aisles.”）
Nashville, Tennessee, is still reeling from several bookstore closings, including a Borders and the more beloved Davis-Kidd. The result, as reported in the Nashville Scene, is an “object lesson in how truly awful it is to live in a town where used bookstores and the pitiful offerings of Books-a-Million are all we have.” The problem, however, is that no one seems willing to buy full-price books anymore. Campaigns to get people to buy books from their local bookstores miss the point. While there is demand for real bricks-and-mortar places to gather, drink coffee and read new books, such places can’t exist if the market can’t accommodate them.
Besides coffee, access to Wi-Fi and the occasional yoga mat, what will people pay for to enable a bricks-and-mortar bookstore? Could independent stores charge membership fees, which grant access to books at slightly lower prices? Would a corporate-sponsorship model work? Perhaps bookstores could become tax-subsidised places where people can browse and linger, but only borrow the books for limited periods of time.
At any rate, the market is squeezing out a meaningful public space. It will be interesting to see what fills the void these bookstores leave behind.
用括号括起来并且标红的这几段在考题中并未节选进去。
题目大致是：
1.从第一段中我们能学到什么？消费者的消费习惯改变。
2.关于Najafi，以下描述正确的是：A.他自己也欠了一屁股债。B.他能替Borders把所有债务还清。C.他将保证Borders其他书店继续开张。D.他将受employees欢迎。
3.关于Nashville，哪一项是正确的？我只记得两个选项了：那里的人**书店关门；那儿人的抗争对挽救书店起效了。
4.从最后两段中我们得知，什么手段能挽救实体书店？A.政府和企业的援助。B.多建娱乐设施。C.目前没什么实际可行的办法。D.向图书馆学习管理策略。
5.实体书店为何纷纷关门：我选的是人们不再愿意全价买书。
第四篇：文章节选自2011年10月19日的经济学人 the economist。链接如下：http://m.koolearn.com/kaoyan/20120725/656657.html。
杂志原文链接：http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/10/stem-cell-research
感谢师弟帮忙，这一篇的答案也找到了。
ANY country, you might think, would relish being able to call itself the world’s leader in scientific research. America and Europe, however, seem to be in a bizarre parallel contest: which can make its scientists' lives more difficult by imposing the most muddled rules. This week the European Union edged ahead. On October 18th the European Court of Justice (ECJ), the highest court which opines on EU-wide matters, ruled that methods to derive embryonic stem cells could not be patented. The ruling sets Europe apart from the rest of the world—even America, long averse to stem-cell research, has no such qualms.
The decision concludes a suit from Germany. In 1997 Oliver Brüstle, of the University of Bonn filed a patent for a method to create neural precursor cells, which go on to develop into fully functional mature nerve cells. Dr Brüstle's method derives these precursors from human embryonic stem cells. The hope is that they could eventually be used to treat degenerative conditions like Parkinson’s disease. The rub is that extracting embryonic stem cells involves destruction of human embryos.
However, Dr Brüstle’s challenger was not, as might be expected, a pro-life activist. It was Greenpeace, an environmental group, though its main objection, to what it says is the commercialisation of human life, does have a religious ring to it. The ECJ agreed, deferring to a directive that bars patents “where respect for human dignity could thereby be affected”. Any process that involves the destruction of the human embryo, the court declared, cannot be patented.
The ruling has sparked immediate uproar among academics. The decision, they warn, will not just undermine basic research. It will prompt companies to funnel cash to more welcoming jurisdictions, such as South Korea, Singapore or China, or deter them from investing in the field altogether. Others are more sanguine. Alexander Denoon, a lawyer at a law firm specialising in biosciences, argues that such a decision was augured by an earlier one from the European Patent Office in 2008. He thinks that firms and scientists should be able to adjust without abandoning research completely. Besides, European researchers can still seek patents in America and other countries.
In the near term, however, confusion will reign. Much depends on how lower courts and patent offices interpret the ECJ’s ruling. The decision may not damn stem-cell research, as some more excitable boffins fret. But it will certainly nobble its European practitioners.
第五篇：是一个机构做的考研模拟题。
The countdown goes something like this: 3) IRS auditor, 2) ex-husband's new 20-year-old girlfriend, 1) dentist. The top three people we most hate to see.
"Let's face it," says Dr. Lorin Berland, a dentist in Dallas. "Dentistry can suck." A third of Americans, according to the National Center for Health Statistics, haven't even set foot in the dentist's office in the past year. Berland, along with an increasing number of dentists all over the country, is trying to change that. He wants dental appointments to be less about pain and drilling and more about relaxation, foot massage and soothing aromatherapy.
Spa dentistry, as it's called, means you can enjoy a hot paraffin-wax hand treatment while getting your teeth cleaned. Or you can slip on some virtual-reality glasses and watch your favorite movie. Or you might just lie back and let the scent of lavender and the sound of falling water quiet your anxiety, while a licensed massage therapist eases the crick in your neck. Most vacations aren't this good. In response to spa dentistry's growing popularity, the Chicago Dental Society will teach its first course on the practice at its annual midwinter meeting in February, expected to attract 35,000 industry professionals.
"Some people are born to cater to people, and others have to be taught," says Dr. Grace Sun, a dentist in Los Angeles who, without benefit of a lecture, offers massage, fruit smoothies and movies. In addition, she provides luxury hotel-style concierge services: while you're in the (vibrating, of course) chair, her staff makes dinner reservations, takes your cell-phone calls, baby-sits, dog-sits, orders in food or does just about anything else you ask.
Dr. Debra Gray King of the Atlanta Center for Cosmetic Dentistry calls her practice "the Ritz-Carlton of dentistry" and in fact sends her "dental concierges" to the Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center for training in client relations. They're taught to squire each patient as he or she navigates the various rooms of the center's luxe 8,400-sq.-ft. Twelve Oaks--esque mansion. Once in the dentist's chair, King's patients can use the attached flat-panel monitor to watch TV, play a DVD or surf the Web. Can't see the screen? No worries, there's one wired to the ceiling too. Noise-reduction headphones block the screech of the drill and play a CD of your choice, and the specially constructed dental chair channels the sound waves from the music into a full-body massage. "The more relaxed the patient is," says King, "the easier our job."
Patients are responding. Martha Dickey, a magazine publisher in Atlanta, says a hot paraffin-wax treatment can "change your whole feeling about going to the dentist. You feel like you're there to get nurtured and pampered. It's fabulous. Every one of your senses is taken care of." If only the offices of the IRS were as pleasant.
注(1)：本文选自Time; 12/30/2002-1/6/2003, p155, 3/4p, 1c;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年text 1;
1. How do Dr. Berland and some other American dentists try to change the image of
dentistry?
[A] They try to change it by facing it bravely.
[B] They try to change it by teaching patients how to take good care of their teeth.
[C] They try to change it by providing new services to help patients feel relaxed and at home.
[D] They try to change it by relieving patients’ pain with new pills.
2. Which of the following is not a service provided by spa dentistry?
[A] a vacation
[B] spa
[C] massage
[D] dental treatment
3. The expression “cater to” (Line 1, Paragraph 4) most probably means _______.
[A] meet the requirements of **.
[B] be to **’s liking
[C] take **. seriously
[D] serve **. well
4. Why does Dr. Debra Gray King call her practice “the Ritz-Carlton of dentistry”?
[A] Because her “dental concierges” are trained at the Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center.
[B] Because her cosmetic dentistry center provides the kind of concierge services luxury hotels like Ritz-Carlton provide.
[C] Because her Center is located in a mansion as large as Ritz-Carlton.
[D] Because her patients are also guests at Ritz-Carlton.
5. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] Dr. Grace Sun learned her new practice from the course offered by the Chicago Dental Society.
[B] The author hopes that dentist’s offices can be as comfortable the offices of the IRS.
[C] The patients like the new services provided by the dentists mentioned in the text very much.
[D] Dental appointments are often associated with relaxation.
答案：C A D B C
题目分析
1. 答案是C，属推理判断题。从第二段最后一句“He wants dental appointments to be less about pain and drilling and more about relaxation, foot massage and soothing aromatherapy.”以及后面几段中介绍的spa dentistry 和cosmetic dentistry等做法可以看出，博兰德和其他牙医都希望通过提供一些帮助患者放松紧张情绪的办法来改善牙医形象。在这个句子中又一个句型“be”less about … more about …“，“表示“少一些什么，多一些什么”。
2. 答案是A，属事实细节题。根据第三段有关温泉保健牙科德的介绍可见，温泉保健牙科为患者提供热石蜡手工治疗、洗牙等牙科治疗、电影、按摩等，而不包括度假，因此答案是A。
3. 答案是D，属猜词题。根据上段最后一句有关温泉保健牙科培训课程的内容，以及下文中格蕾斯•桑博士诊所位患者提供的各种服务可以判断出，第四段第一行中的“cater to”表示“为某人提供良好的服务”。
4. 答案是B，属推理判断题。第四段中提及“luxury hotel-style concierge services”豪华饭店式门房服务。在第五段中，作者详细介绍了里兹大饭店式牙科的具体服务内容，从中可见金博士称她的牙科为里兹大饭店式牙科是因为她的牙科诊所提供里兹大饭店那样的周到的门房服务。
5. 答案是C， 属推理判断题。从最后一段第一句“Patients are responding.”以及接下来的“You feel like you're there to get nurtured and pampered. It's fabulous. ”等句子可以推断出患者喜欢牙医们提供的新服务。
翻译：Culture begins and ends in a plate. 总之就是讲文化和饮食的关系，长难句不多，有生词。偏人文类的文章。我稍稍统计过近十年来的翻译题，一般规律是偶数年考偏科技类的文章，奇数年考偏人文的文章，仅少数年份跳出了这个规律。
作文：分析以下论点并给出你自己的观点：心理学家和精神分析学者逐渐认为success in workplace不取决于intellect，而是取决于social intelligence，包括 work with others, lead and inspire什么的。
我的理解是成功取决于智商还是情商，我看大家的理解都是取决于智商还是团队合作能力。但不管怎么说都是个二元论的话题，总归两边都要cover到。
祝来年考试的小伙伴们成功上岸。
最后编辑于 2019-09-22 · 浏览 9.8 万
