除了冠状动脉粥样硬化，心肌梗死还有哪些其他原因？

根据最新心梗定义，只要存在缺血性心肌坏死 就可以诊断为心肌梗死，这样心梗的概念就要比传统观念明显外延，且其病因分类也变得相当复杂，冠状动脉粥样硬化只是其中最常见原因（其中一部分狭窄程度较轻或尚未形成狭窄的患者还达不到冠心病诊断标准），那么临床上还有哪些原因可以引心肌梗死呢？

带着这个问题翻阅了第24版cecil内科学，发现其总结的非常全面，特分享如下：（水平有限，如发现翻译错误，敬请指正，将不甚感激）

CONDITIONS OTHER THAN CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS THAT CAN CAUSE ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

1.Coronary emboli : Causes include aortic or mitral valve lesions, left atrial or ventricular thrombi, prosthetic valves, fat emboli, intracardiac neoplasms, infective endocarditis, and paradoxical emboli
1.冠状动脉栓塞：包括主动脉或二尖瓣疾病、左房或左室血栓、人工心脏瓣膜、脂肪栓塞、心内新生物、感染性心内膜炎、交叉性栓塞（栓子由肺循环进入体循环）
 
2.Thrombotic coronary artery disease: Can occur with oral contraceptive use, sickle cell anemia and other hemoglobinopathies, polycythemia vera, thrombocytosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, antithrombin III deficiency and other hypercoagulable states, macroglobulinemia and other hyperviscosity states, multiple myeloma, leukemia, malaria, and fibrinolytic system shutdown secondary to impaired plasminogen activation or excessive inhibition
2.血栓性冠状动脉疾病：口服避孕药、镰状细胞性贫血和其他血红蛋白病、真性红细胞增多症、血小板增多、血栓性血小板减少性紫癜（TTP）、DIC、抗凝血酶III缺乏症和其他高凝状态、巨球蛋白血症和其他高粘滞度状态、多发性骨髓瘤、白血病、疟疾、继发于纤维蛋白溶酶原活化受损或过度抑制的纤溶系统崩溃
 
3.Coronary vasculitis: Seen with Takayasu's disease, Kawasaki disease, polyarteritis nodosa, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and immune-mediated vascular degeneration in cardiac allografts
3.冠状动脉血管炎：无脉症、川崎病、结节性多发性动脉炎、红斑狼疮、硬皮病、风湿性关节炎、心脏移植后免疫介导的血管变性；
 
4.Coronary vasospasm: Can be associated with variant angina, nitrate withdrawal, cocaine or amphetamine abuse, and angina with “normal” coronary arteries
4.冠状动脉痉挛：变异型心绞痛、硝酸酯制剂戒断、可卡因或安非他民滥用、冠状动脉“正常”的心绞痛；
 
5.Infiltrative and degenerative coronary vascular disease: Can result from amyloidosis, connective tissue disorders (e.g., pseudoxanthoma elasticum), lipid storage disorders and mucopolysaccharidoses, homocystinuria, diabetes mellitus, collagen vascular disease, muscular dystrophies, and Friedreich's ataxia
5.浸润变性的冠状血管疾病：淀粉样变性、结缔组织疾病（如弹力纤维性假黄瘤）、脂肪沉积病、粘多糖累积病、高胱氨酸尿、糖尿病、胶原血管病、肌营养不良、Friedreich共济失调症；
 
6.Coronary ostial occlusion: Associated with aortic dissection, luetic aortitis, aortic stenosis, and ankylosing spondylitis syndromes
6.冠状动脉入口阻塞：主动脉夹层、梅毒性主动脉炎、主动脉狭窄、强制性脊柱炎综合征；
 
7.Congenital coronary anomalies: Including Bland-White-Garland syndrome of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, left coronary artery origin from the anterior sinus of Valsalva, coronary arteriovenous fistula or aneurysms, and myocardial bridging with secondary vascular degeneration
7.先天性冠脉变异：左冠发源于肺动脉的布怀加三氏综合征、左冠起源于主动脉窦之前、冠状动静脉瘘或微动脉瘤、继发有血管变性的心肌桥；
 
8.Trauma: Associated with and responsible for coronary dissection, laceration, or thrombosis (with endothelial cell secondary to trauma such as angioplasty) and with radiation and cardiac contusion
8.创伤：冠脉夹层、撕裂或血栓形成（有内皮细胞参与继发于血管成形术等创伤后）以及辐射伤、心脏挫伤；
 
9.Augmented myocardial oxygen requirements exceeding oxygen delivery: Encountered with aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, hypertension with severe left ventricular hypertrophy, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, methemoglobinemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, shock, and hyperviscosity syndromes
9.心肌氧供需失衡：遭遇主动脉（瓣）狭窄、主动脉瓣关闭不全、伴有严重左室肥厚的高血压、嗜铬细胞瘤、甲状腺毒症、高铁血红蛋白血症、一氧化碳中毒、休克、高粘稠度综合征。