新编实用英汉翻译实例评析(高等院校应用型特色规划教材) 作者：Weinian Feng

http://books.google.cn/books?id=r0VQL5vWKW4C&pg=PA510&dq=
%E8%8B%B1%E6%B1%89%E4%BA%92%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%
9E%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B&vq=%22%E8%8B%
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94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%22&source
=gbs_book_citations_r&cad=0_2#PPP1,M1

2009-01-10 18:09

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• 重磅！！心理咨询师证被取消！人社部公布 140 项国家职业资格目录!

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olian

老年病科

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专利词汇
abandonment of a patent 放弃专利权
abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请
abridgment 文摘
abstract 文摘(摘要)
abuse of patent 滥用专利权
action for infringement of patent 专利侵权诉讼
action of a patent 专利诉讼
address for service 文件送达地址
affidavit 誓书
allowance 准许
amendment 修改
annual fee 年费
annuity 年费
anticipation 占先
appeal 上诉
appellation of origin 原产地名称
applicant for patent 专利申请人
application date 申请日期
application documents 申请案文件
application fee 申请费
application for patent 专利申请(案)
application laying open for public inspection 公开供公众审查的申请
application number 申请号
application papers 申请案文件
arbitration 仲裁
art 技术
article of manufacture 制品
assignee 受让人
assignment 转让
assignor 转让人
author of the invention 发明人
author's certificate 发明人证书
basic patent 基本专利
Berne Convention 伯尔尼公约
Berne Union 伯尔尼联盟
best mode 最佳方式
bibliographic data 著录资料
BIRPI 保护知识产权联合国国际局
board of appeals 申诉委员会
breach of confidence 泄密
Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure 国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约
burden of proof 举证责任
case law 判例法
caveat 预告
certificate of addition 增补证书
certificate of correction 更正证明书
certificate of patent 专利证书
certified copy 经认证的副本
Chemical Abstracts 化学文摘
citation 引证
claim 权项
classifier 分类员
co-applicants 共同申请人
co-inventors 共同发明人
color coding 色码制
commissioner 专利局长
Community Patent Convention 共同体专利公约
complete application 完整的申请案
complete description 完整的叙述
complete specification 完整的说明书
comptroller 专利局长
compulsory license 强制许可证
conception 概念
conception date 概念日期
confidential application 机密申请
confidential information 保密情报
conflict award 冲突裁定
conflict procedure 冲突程序
conflicting applications 冲突申请案
continuation application 继续申请
continuation-in-part application 部分继续申请案
contractual license 契约性许可证
contributory infringement 简介侵犯
convention application 公约申请
convention country 公约国
convention date 公约日期
Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization 建立世界知识产权组织公约
convention period 公约期限
convention priority 公约优先权
copyright 版权
correction slip 勘误表
counter pleadings 反诉状
counterclaim 反诉
country code 国家代号
cross license 交叉许可证
data 资料
data exchange agreement 资料交换协议
data of application 申请日期
date of grant 授予日期
date of issue 颁发日期
date of patent 专利日期
date of publication 公布日期
dedication to the public 捐献于公众
defendant 被告人
defenses 辩护
defensive publication 防卫性公告
deferred examination 延迟审查
dependent claim 从属权项
dependent patent 从属专利
Derwent Publications Ltd. 德温特出版有限公司
design patent 外观设计专利
development 发展
disclaimer 放弃权项
disclosure 公开
division 分案
divisional application 分案申请
domination patent 支配专利
drawing 附图
duration of patent 专利有效期
economic patent 经济专利
effective filing date 实际申请日期
employee’s invention 雇员发明
EPO 欧洲专利局
European Patent Office 欧洲专利局
ESARIPO 英语非洲工业产权组织
European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约
evidence 证据
examination 审查
examination countries 审查制国家
examination for novelty 新颖性审查
examiner 审查员
examiner’s report 审查员报告
exclusive license 独占性许可证
exclusive right 专有权
experimental use 实验性使用
expired patent 期满专利
exploitation of a patent 实施专利
exposition priority 展览优先权
expropriation 征用
extension of term of a patent 延长专利期限
fee 费用
FICPI 国际工业产权律师联合会
file copy 存档原件
filing date 申请日期
filing fee 申请费
filing of an application 提出申请
final action 终局决定书
first-to-file principle 先申请原则
first-to-invention principle 先发明原则
force majeure 不可抗力
foreign patent application 外国专利申请
formal examination 形式审查
gazette 公报
Geneva Treaty on the International Recording of Scientific Discoveries 关于科学发现国际注册日内瓦条约
grace period 宽限期
grant of a patent 授予专利权
holder of a patent 专利持有人
ICIREPAT 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会
Paris Union Committee for International Cooperation in Information Retrieval among Patent Offices 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会
IFIA 国际发明人协会联合会
International Federation of Inventor’s Association 国际发明人协会联合会
IBB 国际专利研究所
Institut International des Brevets 国际专利研究所
imitation 仿造
impeachment 控告
improvement 改进
improvement patent 改进专利
independence of patents 专利独立
indication of source 产地标记
indirect infringement 间接侵犯
industrial applicability 工业实用性
industrial design 工业品外观设计
industrial property 工业产权
information in the public domain 公开情报
infringement of a patent 侵犯专利权
infringement of a trade mark 侵犯商标权
INID 著录资料识别码
ICIREPAT Numbers for the Identification of Data 著录资料识别码
INPADOC 国际专利文献中心
INSPEC 国际物理学和工程情报服务部
insufficient disclosure 公开不允分
intellectual property 知识产权
interdependent patents 相互依存的专利
interference procedure 抵触程序
interlocutory injunction 中间禁止令
interlocutory order 中间命令
International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 保护植物新品种国际公约
International Patent Classification Agreement 国际专利分类协定
International Preliminary Examining Authority 国际初审单位
international protection 国际保护
International Searching Authority 国际检索单位
invalidation 无效
invention 发明
inventive step 独创性
inventor 发明人
inventor’s certificate 发明人证书
IPC 国际专利分类
International Patent Classification 国际专利分类
issue of a patent 办法专利
joint applicants 共同申请人
joint invention 共同发明
joint inventors 共同发明人
joint patentees 共同专利权人
journal 公报
judgment 判决
junior party 后申请方
know-how 技术诀窍
lapsed patent 已终止的专利
lawsuit of a patent 专利诉讼
legal person 法人
legend 说明
LES International 国际许可贸易执行人协会
Licensing Executives Society International 国际许可贸易执行人协会
letters patent 专利证书
license 许可证
license agreement 许可证协议
license of course 当然许可证
licensing 许可证贸易
licensor 许可人
Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration 保护原产地名称及国际注册里斯本协定
Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Design 建立工业品外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定
loss of a patent 专利权的丧失
Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks 商标国际注册马德里协定
Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods 制止商品产地虚假或欺骗性标记马德里协定
main patent 主专利
maintenance fee 维持费
marking 标记
memorandum of understanding 谅解备忘录
method 方法
microforms 微缩文件
minimum documentation 最少限度检索文献
minimum royalties 最低提成费
misuse of patent 滥用专利权
mixed license 混合许可证
model laws 示范法
most-favoured provision 最惠条款
name of invention 发明名称
national treatment 国民待遇
natural person 自然人
neighboring rights 邻接权
new varieties of plants 植物新品种
Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 商标注册用商品与服务国际分类尼斯协定
non-examining countries 不审查制国家
non-exclusive license 非独占性许可证
non-obviousness 非显而易见性
non-use of a patent 不实施专利
notary public 公正机关
notice of infringement 侵权通知
novelty 新颖性
OAPI 非洲知识产权组织
objection 异议
office action 专利局审查决定书
opposition 异议
originality 独创性
owner of a patent 专利所有人
parent application 原申请
Paris Convention 巴黎公约
Paris Union 巴黎联盟
patent 专利
patent act 专利法
patent agent 专利代理人
patent applied for 已申请专利
patent attorney 专利律师
patent classification 专利分类
patent documentation 专利文献
patent documents 专利文件
patent families 同族专利
patent for an invention 发明专利
patent law 专利法
patent license 专利许可证
patent number 专利号
patent of addition 增补专利
patent of confirmation 确认专利
patent of importation 输入专利
patent of introduction 引进专利
patent of revalidation 再效专利
patent office 专利局
patent pending 专利未决
patent right 专利权
patent rules 专利实施细则
patent system 专利制度
patentability 专利性
patented invention 专利发明
patentee 专利权人
patenting 授予专利权
PCT 专利合作条约
PCT Union 专利合作条约
pending application 未决申请
period of a patent 专利有效期
person skilled in the art 所属技术领域的专业人员
petition 请求书
petty patent 小专利
plaintiff 原告人
plant patent 植物专利
pleadings 起诉状
precautional patent 预告专利
precedents 判例
prescription 时效
prevention of unfair competitionprincipal patent 主专利
prior art 先有技术
prior use 先用
priority 优先权
priority claim 优先权声明
priority declaration 优先权声明
process patent 方法专利
processing of an application 申请案的处理
product patent 产品专利
provisional specification 临时说明书
publication 公布
reclassification 再分类
reexamination 复审
refusal 驳回
register of patents 专利登记册
registered patent 登记专利
registered trade mark 注册商标
registration 登记
registration countries 登记制国家
reissue patent 再颁发专利
rejection 驳回
remedy 补救
renewal fee 续展费
request 请求书
restoration of a lapsed patent 恢复已终止的专利
restricted conditions 限制条款
review 复审
revival of an abandoned application 恢复已放弃的申请
revocation of a patent 撤销专利
royalties 提成费
Science Abstracts 科学文摘
scientific discovery 科学发现
scope of protection 保护范围
seal 盖章
search 检索
secret patent 机密专利
service invention 职务发明
service mark 服务标记
signature 签署
simple license 普通许可证
single applicant 单独申请人
sliding scale of royalties 滑动提成费
sole license 排他性许可证
specification 说明书
state of the art 先有技术水平
statement of claim 诉讼陈述
statement of defense 辩护陈述
substance patent 物质专利
substantive examination 实质性审查
succession 继承
sufficiency of description 充分描述
technical assistance 技术协助
technical data 技术资料
technology transfer 技术转移
temporary protection 临时保护
term of a patent 专利有效期
The Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs 工业品外观设计国际保存海牙协定
title of invention 发明名称
title to patent 专利所有权
trade mark 商标
Trademark Registration Treaty 商标注册条约
trade name 厂商名称
trial 审判
unfair competition 不正当竞争
unity of invention 发明单一性
Universal Copyright Convention 世界版权公约
unpatentable subject matter 不能取得专利的主题
use patent 用途专利
utility certificate 实用证书
utility model 实用新型
Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks 建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定
Vienna Agreement for the Protection of Type Faces and their International Deposit 印刷字体保护及其国际保存维也纳协定
WIPO 世界知识产权组织
withdrawal of an application 撤回申请
witness 证人
working of a patent 实施专利
World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组这
WPI 世界专利索引
World Patent Index 世界专利索引

2009-01-13 14:24

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• 关于颈动脉粥样硬化和狭窄治疗的最新指南

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olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

914楼

【智慧之言】30秒可以改变世界
Attitude is foundational to success. A generous person with a positive attitude will thrive. If you change your attitude, you change your perception, change your actions, and change your life. As every life changes, you change the world. Over at Lorelle On Wordpress she challenges bloggers to create a list of 30 things that can each be done in only 30 seconds. Imagine if millions or billions of people each did one of these-how would the world be different? In keeping with the theme of personal development, I have put together ways to improve yourself or others and create a better you in 30 seconds or less. Imagine if everyone did just a few of these at once? Here is my list.
态度是成功的基石。一个人如果既乐于分享，又态度积极，则其前途不可限量。如果你改变了你的态度，就等于改变了你对事物的理解，改变了你的行动，随之将改变你的生活。当每一个人的生命发生变化时，你就改变了世界。在Wordpress上写博客的Lorelle挑战众博客写作者们列出一个包含30件可以在 30秒钟内完成的事情清单。试想一下，如果成百万甚至上亿的人们仅仅做了其中的一件，世界将会有多么大的不一样！延续我的博客推动个人成长的主题，我集中了一些你可以在30秒或更少的时间内完成来完善自己或他人的事情。设想一下每个人立刻做了其中的一些事情会如何。清单如下：

1. Change your tone of voice.For 30 seconds, speak softer, calmer, or just more pleasantly. You might be surprised at the results. Did you know, for example, that a softer voice giving clear instructions commands more authority with children than a yell? If frustrated in a business dealing, try a more peaceful tone, even if only for 30 seconds, and see if it leads to a quicker resolution.

改变你的语气。只用30秒，使用更柔和、更冷静的语气，或是任何一种听上去更舒服的说话方式。你也许会为所发生的一切感到惊讶。比如，你是否了解，在孩子们的心目中，用柔和的声调给出清楚的指示比大吼大叫更能让你获得威严。如果在一次商业交易中出师不利，可以尝试在接下来的30秒内使用更平和的语调，然后观察这能否促使事情更快地得到解决。

Choose one idea you gave up and re-visit it. For 30 seconds, consider giving it one more try. Was there an invention, a project, or some task that just seemed too daunting or frustrating? Choose one and decide to try it one more time. Imagine if everyone mustered up the courage to use their God-given ingenuity in whatever their giftings. What new things would the world see created?

选择一个你已经放弃的想法，然后重新思考它。用30秒的时间考虑再试一次。是否曾经有一项发明，一个项目，或是某些任务令人望而生畏，或是让人沮丧？选择其中一个，然后再次捡起它。想想看，如果每个人都鼓足勇气，在自己具备才能的方面充分运用了上天赋予的创造力，将会给这个世界带来多少新的东西？

3. For 30 seconds, give someone another chance. Listen for just one more time, re-evaluate a first impression, or give one more opportunity to see if they have changed. You may be surprised.

用30秒钟，给他人一次机会。也许只需要再倾听一遍，重新调整一下第一印象，或是再用一次机会去发现他们是否已经作出改变。你会感到惊奇的。
4. Tell your children “I love you” or “I am proud of you”. Make it meaningful, look them in the eye, and show how you value them. It will mean the world. Imagine if every parent said affirming words to every child, for 30 seconds, everyday.

告诉你的孩子们"我爱你"或"我为你感到骄傲"。让这样的表达成为一次有意义的事件，看着他们的眼睛，让他们知道他们对你来说有多么重要。这样做将意义非凡。想想如果所有的父母每天花30秒的时间对他们的孩子们说一些肯定的话，世界将会如何。

5. The next time you find yourself wanting instant gratification, impatiently wanting something you cannot have at that moment, give thanks to God for what you already do have for 30 seconds. It may change your attitude.

下次你再发现自己在急切等待他人对你的肯定，而又不可能立即拥有的时候，用30秒来为你已经完成的事情感谢上帝。这能迅速改变你的态度。

6. For 30 seconds, stand up straighter and with your head held high. Look others in the eye and walk with confidence. See how great it feels?

用30秒，站得更直，将你的头高高抬起。直视他人，自信地行走。有没有发现这样感觉非常棒？

7. Choose one thing you were putting off for another time that could be done today, and decide to do it! It only takes 30 seconds to make a decision to act. Be sure you value keeping your promise to yourself, and then know that this will lead to action.

选择一件你一直在拖延着准备下次再做而今天可以完成的事情，决定完成它！做出一个行动的决定只需要30秒。前提必须是你十分看重对自己的承诺，并且一旦承诺则意味着付出行动。

8. Clean up someone else’s mess.

清理一次他人惹下的乱子。

9. Compliment someone with a genuine comment on what you appreciate or respect about them.

对他人就你一直欣赏或敬重的某一点表示真诚的赞美。

10. Stand up for someone or something you believe in. A quick sentence of support can do wonders and expand your influence.

为你信仰的某人或某事挺身而出。一句简短的表示支持的话会带来奇迹，迅速扩大你的影响。

11. Find a way to authentically encourage someone in their efforts with a “you can do it!” comment. Believe in them and show it.

为他人所做的努力表示一次真诚的鼓励。告诉他，"你可以做到的"，信任他并且用行动来表达这份信任。

12. Invite someone over (or a group of someones) that you would like to get to know: set a specific time and day for a dinner together. The world could use more socializing. What about you? Take the initiative and make the invitation to a new friendship.

邀请某个你愿意了解的人（或一群人）到家中做客。定一个具体的日子和时刻和他/他们共进晚餐。适度的社交是必要的，你还在等待什么呢？采取主动，发出邀请，也意味着打开一扇新的友谊之门。

13. Give your spouse a physical sign of affection for 30 seconds in public. Brush your hand softly on her cheek, run your fingers through his hair, give a soft hug, a gentle squeeze of the hand, or a quick kiss. It is good for children to see their parents comfortable with quick displays of affection, and great for strengthening intimacy in marriage. Imagine how closeness might grow in marriages if every couple deliberately showed affection for 30 seconds? Better yet, do it several times a day.

在公共场所花30秒对你的伴侣用肢体表达爱意。用手轻轻的摩挲她的面颊，用手指抚弄他的头发，来一个轻轻的拥抱，温柔的握紧他的手，或是一个蜻蜓点水的吻。让孩子们看到父母很自然的迅速表达爱意是有益的。这样也能加强婚姻的亲密感。试想一下如果每一对伴侣都用30秒的时间来有意识的表达爱意，会对婚姻中亲密感的增强有多么大的作用。如果能一天做几次就更好了。

14. Learn 1 new word (preferably from a different language than you already know) or learn a quick and wonderful fact about another culture or country.

学会一个新单词（最好从一种你不会的语言中学习）或是迅速的了解与另外一种文化或国家有关的一件神奇的事情。

15. Write a check for 10% of your monthly income and place it in the mailbox. Send it to your church, a charity, or a worthy cause, but give it away.

写下一张面值为你月薪10%的支票。然后放进邮箱，寄给你所在地区的教堂，捐给慈善机构，或是为其它有价值的事业。总之，捐献出去。

16. Pray every morning for 30 seconds to conquer your fear and courageously face all your opportunities, keep your mind open in setting goals and keep your attitude positive. Quickly judge your plan for the day against your priorities (be sure your choices fit with your focus- remember in business and for your family, time is one of your most valuable assets). After the 30 seconds, you may be inspired to make a change.

每天早晨祈祷30秒，以克服恐惧，或是获得勇气去面对你的所有机会。在树立目标的时候保持心胸开阔，态度要积极。以优先级标准迅速的判断你当天的计划（须保证你的选择与你的重点相符-记住无论在职场还是家中，时间都是你最宝贵的资产）. 30秒之后，你也许已经获得激励去做一些改变。

17. Ask someone “how are you doing?” and then be ready to truly listen.

问候一个人"你最近怎样"，然后真诚的聆听。

18. Put $20 in an envelope (or $50 or $100), write “from anonymous”, and secretly (and quickly, to fit in 30 seconds) leave it with someone you know could use it. Doing good deeds without public recognition feels great.. Try it and see!

将20美元（50美元或100美元也行）放在一个信封里，写上"来自无名氏"。然后悄悄地（当然，也要迅速地，以保持30秒的纪录）放在你知道需要它的人那里。私下里做一些善意的小事感觉很棒！不信可以试试看。

19. Do something quick for the environment: refuse food in styrofoam, tear apart those plastic things that go around cans and choke birds, or help an animal in distress break free, etc.

迅速的做一些对环境有保护的事情：拒绝装在聚乙烯泡沫盒里的食物，撕开罐头外围的塑料包装，或是帮助一只被困的小动物重获自由等等。

20. Choose a great breakfast (your best energy starts with a 30 second decision). Choose to eat no sugar and foods low in starch. Eat more protein and fruit. Start your day right to be more productive.

选择吃一顿精致的早餐。（只需要30秒作出的决定可以让你一整天都充满活力）. 不吃糖，吃低淀粉的食物。摄入更多的蛋白质和水果。正确的开始以使你的一天更富有成效。

21. If you have been indoors, get out and feel the sunshine on your face for 30 seconds- it will elevate your mood quickly (if it is 100 degrees outside then feel the sunshine from a more comfortable temperature if possible).

如果你一直待在室内，走出去，感受30秒阳光照在脸上的感觉——这会让你的心情立刻变得好起来（如果外面的气温高达100摄氏度，那么在一个更适宜的温度下去感受阳光）

22. Say yes to giving a charitable donation at your local merchant when asked (give one more time than you had planned to give).

如果一个当地的商店请求你做一次慈善捐助时表示同意。（多给一个人一些时间，虽然你本来并不打算如此）

23. Register to vote. Just fill out a 30 second card! As you follow this or any registration process of your country, determine to take advantage of the opportunity to vote when it comes, if you are able to do so.

报名参加选举。只需要花30秒时间填写一张卡片。当你这样做的时候，下决心在选举来临时投出这一票。

24. Plant a seed (or plant a plant or tree if you have the skills to do so this quickly). Imagine if millions did this at once.

播下一颗种子。（如果你有技巧能迅速完成的话也可以种下一株植物或一棵树）。想想如果数百万的人都马上这样做了的话...

25. Turn off the lights in a room where you are not (turn off the water when not in use, etc.). Every 30 seconds matters.

当你不在房间的时候，把灯关掉。（诸如此类，不用水的时候将水龙头关掉。）这样的每一个30秒都不是小事。

26. Place a bag by your trash and put a recyclable item inside it. Congratulations, you have now started recycling!

在垃圾桶旁边放一个袋子，然后在里面放一些可回收的小东西。祝贺你，你已经开始回收之旅了。

27. Stop any bad habit in 30 seconds. Then keep repeating at 30 second intervals.

在30秒钟内戒掉一个坏习惯。然后每隔30秒重复你做的事情。

28. Seek out laughter and laugh for 30 seconds. Repeat as needed to release tension.

寻找笑料，然后大笑30秒。在有必要的时候重复这样做，来缓解紧张气氛。

29. Drink water.

喝水。

30. Imagine for 30 seconds being content with everything you have. Then imagine balancing contentment with striving to continue God’s purpose in you, take an attitude of perseverance, and determine to go for it!

花30秒的时间想象一下你对所拥有的一切都感到满足的情景。然后设想一下如何在感到满足与努力发挥天赋才能之间保持平衡。拥有坚定不移的态度，并且一旦下了决心，就去尽情追逐你的梦想！

2009-01-13 14:30

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• 执业医师成绩快出来了，大家快看

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

915楼

请再说一遍我爱你作者：勃朗宁夫人

说了一遍请再对我说一遍说我爱你

即使那样一遍遍地重复

你会把它看成一支布谷鸟的歌曲

记着在那青山和绿林间在那山谷和田野中

如果它缺少了那串布谷鸟的音节纵使清新的春天

披着满身的绿装降临也不算完美无缺

爱四周那么黑暗

耳边只听见惊悸的心声

处于那痛苦的不安之中

我嚷道再说一遍我爱你

谁会嫌星星太多即使每颗星星都在太空中转动

谁会嫌鲜花太多即使每朵鲜花都洋溢着春意

说你爱我你爱我一声声敲着银钟

只是要记住还得用灵魂爱我在默默里

Say over again, and yet once over again,

That thou dost love me. Though the word repeated

Should seem `a cuckoo-song,' as thou dost treat it.

Remember, never to the hill or plain,

Valley and wood, without her cuckoo-strain

Comes the fresh Spring in all her green completed.

Beloved, I, amid the darkness greeted

By a doubtful spirit-voice, in that doubt's pain

Cry, ... `Speak once more ... thou lovest!' Who can fear

Too many stars, though each in heaven shall roll, --

Too many flowers, though each shall crown the year?

Say thou dost love me, love me, love me -- toll

The silver iterance! -- only minding, Dear,　

To love me also in silence with thy soul.

2009-01-17 16:01

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• 狼疮、狼疮肾合并结核，高度水肿肝功能异常

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

916楼

心力衰竭：
Heart failure 心力衰竭
Congestive beart failure 充血性心力衰竭
Acute left-sided heart failure 急性左心衰竭
Chroinc heart failure 慢性心力衰竭
Intractable heart failure 难治性心力衰竭
Systolic insufficiency heart failure 收缩功能不全性心力衰竭
Diastolic insufficiency heart failure 舒张功能不全性心力衰竭
Congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭
Cardiac dysfunction 心功能障碍

心律失常：
Arrhythmia （cardiac arrhythmia）心律失常
Triggered activity 触发活动
Afterdepolarization 后除极
a.窦房结
Sinus node recovery time SNRT 窦房结恢复时间
Sinoatrial conduction time SACT 窦房传导时间
Bradycardia 心动过缓
Tachycardia 心动过速
Sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速
Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓
Sinus pause (sinus arrest) 窦性停搏（窦性静止）
sinoatrial block 窦房阻滞（Mobitz 莫氏, Wenckebach 文氏）
Sick sinus syndrome(SSS) 病(态)窦(房结)综合征
Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome 心动过缓-心动过速综合征
b.心房
Atrial premature beats 房性期前收缩
Atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速
Intrinsic heart rate 固有心率
Automatic atrial tachycardia 自律性房性心动过速
Reentrant atrial tachycardia 折返性房性心动过速
Chaotic atrial tachycardia 紊乱性房性心动过速
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with AV block (PAT with block) 伴有房室阻滞的阵发性房性心动过速
Multifocal atrial tachycardia 多源性房性心动过速
Atrial flutter 心房扑动
Atrial fibrillation 心房颤动
c.房室交界区性
Premature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界区性期前收缩
AV junctional escape beats 房室交界区性逸搏
AV junctional rhythm 房室交界区性心律
Nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junctional tachycardia 非阵发性房室交界区性心动过速
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia(AVNRT)房室结内折返性心动过速
Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia(AVNRT)房室返性心动过速
Preexcitation syndrome(Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) 预激综合征（WPW综合征）
d.心室
Premature ventricular beats 室性期前收缩
Ventricular parasystole 室性并行心律
Ventricular tachycardia 室性心动过速
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm 加速性心室自主节律
Torsades de pointes 尖端扭转
Ventricular flutter 心室扑动
Ventricular fibrillation 心室颤动
Atrioventricular block 房室传导阻滞
Wenckebach block 文氏阻滞
Adame-Strokes syndrom 阿－斯综合征
Intraventricular block 室内传导阻滞
Right bundle branch block 右束支传导阻滞
Left bundle branch block 左束支传导阻滞
Left anterior fascicular block 左前分支传导阻滞
Left posterior fascicular block 左后分支传导阻滞
Bifascicular block 双分支阻滞
Trifascicular block 三分支阻滞

心脏骤停与猝死
sudden cardiac death 心脏性猝死
Cardiac arrest 心脏骤停
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) 无脉性电活动

高血压：
Hypertension 高血压
Hypertensive urgencyes 高血压急症
Hypertensive crisis 高血压危象
Hypertensive emergencies 高血压危症
Secondary hypertension 继发性高血压
Primary hypertension 原发性高血压
“White coat” hypertension 白大衣性高血压
4
Isolated systolic hypertension 单纯收缩期高血压
Arteriolosclerosis 小动脉硬化

先心病：
Congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病
Congenital cardiovascular disease 先天性心血管病
Pulmonic stenosis 肺动脉狭窄
Isolated pulmonic stenosis 单纯肺动脉口狭窄
Coarctation of the aorta 主动脉缩窄
Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery 单纯肺动脉扩张
Primary pulmonary hypertension 原发性肺动脉高压
Persistent left superior vena cava 双侧上腔静脉（左上腔静脉残存）
Isolated dextrocardia 孤立性右位心
Atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 部分性肺静脉畸形引流
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 室间隔缺损
Eisenmenger’s syndrome 艾森门格综合征
Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)动脉导管未闭
Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症
Trilogy of Fallot 法洛三联症
Complete transposition of the great vessels 完全性大血管错位
Atrial septal defect (ASD) 房间隔缺损

心脏瓣膜病：
Multivalve heart disease 多瓣膜疾病
5
Mitral valve disease 二尖瓣疾病
Pulmonic valve disease 肺动脉瓣疾病
Tricuspid valve disease 三尖瓣疾病
Ebstein’s anomaly 三尖瓣下移畸形
Dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能失调或断裂
Aortic valve disease 主动脉瓣疾病
Aortic arch syndrome 主动脉弓综合征
Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜病
rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病
Rheumatic fever 风湿热
Rheumatic carditis 风湿性心脏炎
Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄
Mitral incompetence 二尖瓣关闭不全
Acute mitral insufficiency 急性二尖瓣关闭不全
Chronic mitral insufficiency 慢性二尖瓣关闭不全
Marfan’s syndrom 马凡氏综合征
Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄
Aortic incompetence 主动脉瓣关闭不全
Chronic aortic insufficiency 慢性主动脉瓣关闭不全
Tricuspid stenosis 三尖瓣狭窄
Tricuspid incompetence 三尖瓣关闭不全
Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄
Pulmonary incompetence 肺动脉瓣关闭不全

冠心病：
Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病
Coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病
Angina pectoris 心绞痛
Stable angina pectoris 稳定型心绞痛
Unstable angina pectoris 不稳定心绞痛
Initial onset angina pectoris 初发型心绞痛
Accelerated angina pectoris 恶化型心绞痛
Variant angina pectoris (Prinzmetal’s variant angina pectoris)变异型心绞痛
Angina decubitus 卧位心绞痛
Acute coronary insufficiency 急性冠状动脉功能不全
Postinfarction angina pectoris 梗塞后心绞痛
Acute coronary syndrome(ACS) 急性冠脉综合征
Myocardial infarction(MI) 心肌梗死
Acute myocardial infarction(AMI) 急性心肌梗死
Dysfunction of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能失调
Rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌断裂
Rupture of the heart 心脏破裂
Embolism 栓塞
Cardiac aneurysm 心脏室壁瘤
Postinfarction syndrome 心肌梗死后综合征
Latent coronary heart disease 无症状型冠心病（隐性冠心病）
Ischemic cardiomyopathy 缺血性心肌病
Sudden death 猝死

感染性心内膜炎：
Infective endocarditis (IE) 感染性心内膜炎
Native valve endocarditis 自体瓣膜心内膜炎
Prothetic valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜心内膜炎
Endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers 静脉药瘾者心内膜炎
Acute infective endocarditics(AIE) 急性感染性心内膜炎
Subacute Infective endocarditis 亚急性感染性心内膜炎

心肌疾病：
Specific cardiomyopathy 特异性心肌病
Viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy（HCM）肥厚性心肌病
Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) 非对称性室间隔肥厚
Restrictive cardiomyopathy(RCM)限制性心肌病
Dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM）扩张型心肌病
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 酒精性心肌病
Peripartum cardiomyopathy 围生期心肌病
Drug-induced cardiomyopathy 药物性心肌病
Keshan disease (KD) 克山病
Endemic cardiomyopathy (ECD) 地方性心肌病
Cardiomyopathies 心肌疾病
Myocardial bridging 心肌桥
Myocarditis 心肌炎
Right ventricular cardiomyopathy 右室心肌病
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)致心律失常型右室心肌病
Unclassified cardiomyopathies,UCM)

心包疾病：
Purulent pericarditis 化脓性心包炎
Acute pericarditis 急性心包炎
Tuberculous pericarditis 结核性心包炎
Constrictive pericarditis 缩窄性心包炎

血管疾病：
Peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration 闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化
Primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches 多发性大动脉炎
Raynaud syndrome 雷诺综合征
Pulness disease 无脉病
Thromboangitis obliterans 血栓闭塞性脉管炎
Thrombophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎
Aortic dissection 主动脉夹层

其它疾病：
Syndrome X
Cardiogenic shock 心原性休克
Postpericardiostomy syndrome 心肌损伤后综合征
Pulmonary embolism 肺动脉栓塞
Syncope 晕厥
Syphlitic cardiovascular disease 梅毒性心血管病
Cardiovascular neurosis 心脏血管神经官能症

药物
Vasodilator 血管扩张剂（phlebectasis 静脉扩张， arteriectasis 动脉扩张）
Diuretic 利尿剂（thiazide diuretic 噻嗪类利尿剂；loop diuretic 袢利尿剂；potassium-sparing diuretics 保钾利尿剂）
inotropic agent 正性肌力药（digitalis preparation 洋地黄制剂；adrenergic receptor stimulant 肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂；
phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂）
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor（ACE inhibitors）（ACEI）血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂
Aldosterone antagonist 醛固酮拮抗剂
Beta adrenergic receptor blocker （beta blockers） ?肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂
Calcium channel blocker（CCB）钙通道阻滞剂
Angiotension Ⅱ antagonist(Angiotension Ⅱ receptor blocker) 血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂
Alpha blockers α1 受体阻滞剂
Nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油
Digoxin 地高辛
Lanatoside C 西地兰
10
antiarrhythic drugs 抗心律失常药
lidocaine 利多卡因
Propafenone 普罗帕酮
Amiodarone 胺碘酮
调脂药降脂药
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors HMG-CoA 还原酶抑制剂
Nicotinic acid 烟酸
Clofibrate 氯贝丁酯
抗血小板药物
溶栓药
recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ,rt-PA 重组组织型纤维蛋白酶原激活剂
抗凝药

操作
interventional therapy for cardiovascular diseases 心血管病介入性治疗
Holter ECG monitoring 动态心电图
Ultrasound angioplasty 超声消融术
Directional coronary atherectomy 定向旋切术
High frequency rotational atherectomy 高频旋磨术
Laser angioplasty 激光血管成形术
Catheter ablation 心导管消融
Radiofrequency catheter ablation 经导管射频消融
Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty(PBMV)经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术
Percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty(PBPV)经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术
Percutaneous transluminal septial myocardial ablation,(PTSMA)经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术
11
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术
Percutaneous intracoronary stent implantation 经皮穿刺冠状动脉内支架安置术
Transluminal Extraction catheter (TEC)经皮血管内切吸导管
Artificial cardiac pacing 人工心脏起搏
Multisite cardiac pacing 多部位心脏起搏
Biatrial pacing 双心房起搏
biventricular pacing 双心室起搏
bifocal pacing 双灶起搏
Heart transplantation 心脏移植
Angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy 新鲜血栓吸引术
Upright tilt-table testing 直立倾斜试验
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)置入型心律转复除颤器
Thumpversion 捶击复律
Cough-version 咳嗽复律
Cardioversion 心脏电复律
Defibrillation 心脏电除颤
Revascularization 血管重建

其它
Hemolytic streptococcus 甲族乙型溶血性链球菌
Antithymocyte globulin (ATG)抗胸腺细胞球蛋白
Vagus nerve 迷走神经,
Brainstem death 脑干死亡
12
Brain death 脑死亡
Myocardial remodeling 心肌重塑
Hemodynamics 血液动力学
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)心钠素
Vasopressin 血管加压素,抗利尿激素
Bradykinin 缓激肽
Triggered activity 触发活动
Afterdepolarization 后除极
Late ventricular potential 心室晚电位
Sinus node recovery time(SNRT) 窦房结恢复时间
Sinoatrial conduction time(SACT) 窦房传导时间
Intrinsic heart rate 固有心率
Accessory atrioventricular pathways 房室旁路
Atriohisian tracts 房希氏束
Nodoventricular fibers 结-室纤维
Fasciculoventricular fibers 分支室纤维
Insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗
Vasodepressor response 血管减压反应
Pulsus tardus 细迟脉
Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度
Systolic anterior motion(SAM) （二尖瓣前叶）收缩期前向运动
Intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行

2009-01-18 21:26

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“研究生复试”自我介绍《英文版》

自我介绍(self-introduce)

Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is ***, 24. I come from ******,the capital of *******Province. I graduated from the ****** department of *****University in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.

I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books, especially those ****.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team.

I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study ****** in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance ******.
Hello, my professors.It's a fine day today,and i'm very pleased to meet you here.First of all,i'd like to introduce myself to you.My name is ***,my hometown is ***,which is a really beautiful city.Even when i was a young boy,i was very interested in biology science.Every one may have a dream,and i still remember that my dream is to be a biology scientist (just like ZHU KE ZHEN).I liked to make wonders just like,where are we from?Where are we going in the universe?And then i would find the answers in book by myself.Still today i think that interest is the best teacher in one's whole life (and knowledge comes from practice).
Second, i will introduce my major in the university.My major is Biological Engineering in *** University.It has a great relationship with biology scince.Their relationship can be shown with an example: Just like a river,biology science,which often finds new discoveries and theories, is at the head of the river.And my major,which lays more stress on practical use, seems to be at the end of it.When both of them interact well enough,the discovries and theories in biology science can be soon turned into products in all of the modern industry.
Four years' university education gives me a lot of things to learn,a lot of chances to try,and a lot of practices to improve myself.It teaches me not only what to study and how to think,but also to see the importance of practical ability (such as doing expriment as much as possible). In the university life,i have made many good friends.They help me improve my study and research ability, do ererything just like a man,and often give me good example to follow.
Besides what i have introduced myself above,i also have many interests in my spare time.I like playing football,which is an effective way i think to improve my body health,and it can teach me how to join in a group and deal with other people.Drawing and writing is another favor to me.
Above all,i choose the major in order to broad my view in biology scince,and enhance my research ability.I will do my best to join the new group and be good at postgraduate study.

考研复试英语75个经典提问总结
考研英语面试中，在自我介绍完了老师就会开始问你问题这里列出一些常见的问题，可以认真准备。注意在准备的过程中，要结合自己的经历和见解来准备答案，让自己回答的问题和整个的自我介绍融为一个整体。要不然很容易被考官抓住把柄，问个没完，很容易因紧张而露出马脚。
在每一年的面试中都会有很多相同的问题，这些问题看起来很平常，却有很多陷阱，一不小心就会被考官抓主小辫子了。回答这些常见的看起来很平常的问题，是很有艺术的。在这里一共提供了75个常见的各类问题，本文进行了详细的分析。
一、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）
1、What can you tell me about yourself？（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）
这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。这是一个必问的问题。考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA.下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子:“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。”
In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student， I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important， but for me， it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them. I‘m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.
2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation？（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）
你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。你可以事先和其他的MBA交流一番。问问他们在毕业后在公司的头5年都做了些什么。可以这样回答:“我希望能在我的职位上尽力做好工作，由于在同一领域工作的许多人都被提为区域负责人，所以我亦有此打算。”
I hope to do my best I can be at my job and because many in this line of work are promoted to area manager， I am planning on that also.
3. What is your greatest strength？（你最突出的优点是什么？）
这是很多面试考官喜欢问的一个问题，这是你“展示自己”的最佳机会，不要吹嘘自己或过于自负，但要让雇主知道你相信自己，你知道自己的优点。如可答:“我认为我最大的优点是能够执着地尽力把事情办好。当做完一件工作而其成果又正合我的预想时，我会有一种真正的成就感。我给自己定了一些高目标。比如说，我要成为出色的毕业生。尽管在大学一年级时我启动慢了些，但最终我以优等论文完成了学业。”
I feel that my strongest asset is my ability to stick to things to get them done. I feel a real sense of accomplishment when I finish a job and it turns out just as I‘d planned. I’ve set some high goals for myself. For example， I want to graduate with highest distinction. And even though I had a slow start in my freshman year， I made up for it by doing an honor‘s thesis.
4. What is your greatest weakness？（你最大的弱点是什么？）
你不应该说你没有任何弱点，以此来回避这个问题。每个人都有弱点，最佳策略是承认你的弱点，但同时表明你在予以改进，并有克服弱点的计划。可能的话，你可说出一项可能会给公司带来好处的弱点，如可说:“我是一个完美主义者。工作做得不漂亮，我是不会撒手的。”
I‘m such a perfectionist that I will not stop until a job is well done.
5. How do you feel about your progress to date？“（对于你至今所取得的进步你是怎样看的？）
绝不要对你以前的所作所为表示内疚。如可答:“我认为我在学校表现不错。事实上，有好几门功课我的成绩居全班第一。在某公司实习时，我获得了该公司数年来给予其雇员的好几项最高评价。”
I think I did well in school. In fact， in a number of courses I received the highest exam scores in the class. As an intern for the X Company， I received some of the highest evaluations that had been given in years.
二、其他常见问题
6.Why did you choose peking university？
7.Why did you choose MBA？
8.What would you like to be doing five years after graduation？
9.What has been your greatest accomplishment？
10.Describe your greatest strengths and weaknesses.
11.What have you learned from the jobs you have held？
三、行为面试问题（Sample Behavioral Interview Questions）:
12.Describe the best/worst team of which you have been a member.
13Tell me about a time when your course load was heaviest. How did you get all of your work done？
14.Give me a specific example of a time when you sold someone on an idea or concept.
15.Tell me about a time when you were creative in solving a problem.
16.Describe a time when you got co-workers or classmates who dislike each other to work together.
17.Tell me about a time when you made a bad decision.
四、压力面试问题（Sample Stress Interview Questions）:
18.What kinds of people do you find it difficult to work with？
19.What are some of the things you find difficult to do？
20.How would you evaluate me as an interviewer？
21.What interests you least about MBA？
22.How do you handle rejection？
23.What is the worst thing you have heard about our school？
24.See this pen I‘m holding. Sell it to me.
五、案例面试问题（Sample Case Interview Questions）:
25.A chain of grocery stores currently receives its stock on a decentralized basis. Each store deals independently with its suppliers. The president of the chain is wondering whether the firm can benefit from a centralized warehouse. What are the key considerations in making this decision？
A magazine publisher is trying to decide how many magazines she should deliver to each individual distribution outlet in order to maximize profits. She has extensive historical sales volume data for each of the outlets. How should she determine delivery quantities？
六、非常规问题:
26.It is the 15th Century. How do convince the Pope that the Earth is round？
27. If I gave you an elephant， where would you hide it？
28. Why are soda cans tapered on the top and bottom？
29. How much RAM does a PC need to run Windows95？
30. You are in a boat on a fresh water lake. In your hand is a rock. You throw the rock into the lake. How is the lake‘s water level affected？
31. If it rained music， what would grow？
32. Describe your best friend and what he or she does for a living.
33. In what ways are you similar or different from your best friend？
34.What are your career‘s strengths and how do you capitalize on them？
35. Are you a happy person？
36. According to JRM， Jr.， a fast growing software company asked this question…… You have a wealthy aunt who weighs 300 pounds. Tell me how you would redesign her toilet.
七、其他常见的英语面试问题:
37.Would you please make a brief introduction about yourself？
38.Why did you take the MBA examination？ Would you please say something about the currently MBA program in China？
39.Why do you choose RENMIN University to study MBA？ Tell me a little about RENMIN University form your understanding.
40.How do the people around you review MBA？
41.What‘s the difference between MBA program at home and abroad？
42.If you failed this time what will you do in the near future？
43.Why do you want to be a part of MBA students？
44.Why do you think you are qualified for MBA program？
45.Do you have a career plan in 5 years？
46.Do you have a study plan if you were accepted as a MBA student？
47.What‘s your opinion about the requirement that a MBA student must have working experience？
48.How do you define marketing or management？
49.Do you think English is quite important in MBA study？ Why？
50.Do you think MBA training courses will help you a lot in your future life？ Why？
51.What do you want to do after your MBA study？
52.What is the most important qualification that a MBA student should have？
53.Say a little about teamwork.
54.Say a little about management.
55.How communication works in organizations？
56.Tell me the relationship between the management and management theory.
57.What will you do if you can‘t find a job？
58.Do you think that the economy will get better？
59.Who are you currently employed with？
60.What kinds of opportunities are you looking for？
61.What is your biggest accomplishment on the job？
62.What joy did you enjoy the most and why？
63.What would your former boss say about you？
64.Why did you leave your last job？
65.Please tell me a little about your working history？ What kind of fields？
66.Say a little about your educational background.
67.What are your strengths and weakness？
68.What do you do in your spare time？
69.What is your impression of Beijing？
70.What is CFO？ If you were a CFO， what would you do？
71.What is the difference between sales and marketing？
72.What do you think is the most important as a manager？
在面试快结束的时候，一般考官都会问，你有没有什么要问的。除非你是最后一个面试者，你明显感到所有的考官都急切的想离开，一般不适合说“I don‘t have any question.”可以问考官一两个你关心的问题（Questions you should ask the recruiter）:
73.What changes do you anticipate in our school？（你希望我们学校会有些什么样的变化）
74.Which is the best course in our school？（什么课程是我们院最好的课程）
75.does our school provide some guidance of job to MBA？
最后可以说:Thank you for giving me the chance. I hope to see you again and soon.（谢谢您给我机会，我希望很快能再见到

Good afternoon, my dear teachers and professors! It is really my honor to have this opportunity for this interview; I hope I can make a good performance today. I’ m confident that I can succeed. First of all, I’d like to introduce myself to you. My name is Yu wangsheng, 23 years old, born in Hunan province. Four year ago, I graduated from my senior high school and then attached myself to the Airforce Engineering University.

My major is the automation of military command and control, that is to say, I’m studying on the Command Control Communication and Intelligence system. As we all known, the command and control is the most important part of the war, the intelligence is the life of the war and the communication enables all the parts of the system attached to each other. I’m very interesting in learning this system, and I hope I can fulfill my dream of continuing study.

Four years’ university education gives me a lot of things to learn, a lot of chances to try, and a lot of practices to improve myself. It teaches me not only what to study and how to think, but also to see the importance of practical ability (such as doing experiment as much as possible). In the university life, I have made many good friends. They help me improve my study and research ability, do everything just like a man, and often give me good example to follow.

Besides what I have introduced myself above, I also have many interests in my spare time. I like playing basketball, which is an effective way I think to improve my body health, and it can teach me how to join in a group and deal with other people. Drawing and writing is another favor to me.

Above all, I choose the major in order to broad my view in system of Command Control Communication and Intelligence, and enhance my research ability. I will do my best to join the new group and be good at postgraduate study.

That’s all. Thank you for giving me the chance.

1. 自我介绍(self-introduce)
Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce
myself. My name is ***, 24. I come from ******,the capital of *******Province. I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you .
I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books, especially those about *******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team.

I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study ****** in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance ******.

2.考研原因 (reasons for my choice)
There are several reasons.
I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer. In my opinion, as one of the most famous ******in our country, it provide people with enough room to get further enrichment . This is the first reason.
The second one is I am long for doing research in ******throughout my life. Its a pleasure to be with my favorite ******for lifetime. I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.
Thirdly, I learnt a lot from my *****job during the past two years. However, I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value. Life is precious. It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development, especially in this competitive modern world.
In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.
http://www.51education.net

3.研究生期间你的计划 (plans in the postgraduate study)

First, I hope I can form systematic view of *****. As for ******, my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as **************. If possible, I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.
In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.

4 .介绍你的家乡(about hometown)

I am from , a famous city with a long history over 2,200 years. It is called “Rong Cheng ” because there were lots of banians even 900 years ago. The city lies in the eastern part of the province. It is the center of politics, economy and culture. Many celebrities were born here, for instance, Yanfu, Xie Bingxin, Lin Zexu and so on . . You know, there is a saying that “The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”. I think the city really deserves it. The top three artware are Shoushan Stone, cattle-horn combs and bodiless lacquerware. In addition, it is famous for the hot springs. Theyare known for high-quality. Visitors athome and abroad feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown.

Good morning, glad to be here for this interview.

Let me introduce myself first. My name is LiShuai, and my English name is MONO Chen. I've finished my undergraduate education in ZhongShan University, Majoring in Electronic Science and Technology.

I am an open-minded and smart boy/girl with broad interests, like playing basketball, reading, especially in engineering such as software programming, website designing as well as hardware designing. I designed two websites in the past four years: one is the website of our school, and the other one is the website of the Doctor Forum China 2007. Furthermore, I am interested in C plus plus programming language and have written some application programs. My supervisor says I did an excellent job in the graduate project last July about Image Process. In addition, I have also finished some projects about embedded system by using MCU when I was a junior.

Broad interest does not make me perfect in each specific area due to the insufficient knowledge and practice, so I think further study is definitely important for me to realize self-value.

The major I expected is IC design. I found that integrated circuits plays a more and more important role in modern society. For example, with the recognition by the government, the domestic integrated circuits industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a great amount of chances for us.

I plan to focus my research in this field in the graduate time. And I hope I can have a systematic view of micro electronics and IC design technology and making a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here.

Ok, thank you very much

Hello, my professors.It's a fine day today,and i'm very pleased to meet you here.First of all,i'd like to introduce myself to you.My name is ***,my hometown is ***,which is a really beautiful city.Even when i was a young boy,i was very interested in biology science.Every one may have a dream,and i still remember that my dream is to be a biology scientist (just like ZHU KE ZHEN).I liked to make wonders just like,where are we from?Where are we going in the universe?And then i would find the answers in book by myself.Still today i think that interest is the best teacher in one's whole life (and knowledge comes from practice).
Second, i will introduce my major in the university.My major is Biological Engineering in *** University.It has a great relationship with biology scince.Their relationship can be shown with an example: Just like a river,biology science,which often finds new discoveries and theories, is at the head of the river.And my major,which lays more stress on practical use, seems to be at the end of it.When both of them interact well enough,the discovries and theories in biology science can be soon turned into products in all of the modern industry.
Four years' university education gives me a lot of things to learn,a lot of chances to try,and a lot of practices to improve myself.It teaches me not only what to study and how to think,but also to see the importance of practical ability (such as doing expriment as much as possible). In the university life,i have made many good friends.They help me improve my study and research ability, do ererything just like a man,and often give me good example to follow.
Besides what i have introduced myself above,i also have many interests in my spare time.I like playing football,which is an effective way i think to improve my body health,and it can teach me how to join in a group and deal with other people.Drawing and writing is another favor to me.
Above all,i choose the major in order to broad my view in biology scince,and enhance my research ability.I will do my best to join the new group and be good at postgraduate study.

1.开场白
Good morning. I am very glad to be here for this interview.

2.姓名，英文名，毕业院校，毕业专业，毕业学院
First let me introduce myself. My name is LiShuai, and my English name is Jacky Lee. I've finished my undergraduate education in Xidian University, Majoring in Electronic Science and Technology in the college of Technical Physics.

3.性格，爱好，实践经验
I am open-minded, willing and have broad interests like basketball, reading and especially in engineering such as software programming, website design, hardware design. For example, during the past four years, I have accomplished two websites: one is the website of our school, and the other is the website of the doctor forum of china 2007. Furthermore, I am interested in C plus plus programming language and have written some application programs. In July in the last year,I finished my graduate project with flying colors,which was a software application about Image Process . In addition, I have also finished some projects about embedded system by using MCU when I was a junior.

4.为什么想读研,将来愿意从事的方向,读研时的打算
Although I have broad interests in many aspects and grasp the essential knowledge of the major, but I think at present, I can do many things in a superficial level, but not be competent to do things professionally owing to lack of ample knowledge and ability. So I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.

The major that I hope pursue for my further education is IC design. Because I find integrated circuits are playing a more and more important role in our modern society. And nowadays in China, with the recognition by the government, our domestic integrated circuits industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a lot of chances to us.

I plan to concentrate on study and research in this field in my graduate time. And I hope I can form a systematic view of micro electronics and IC design technology and make a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here.

5.结束语
OK, that’s all. Thank you very much.

1.开场白
Good morning. I am very glad to be here for this interview.

2.姓名，英文名，毕业院校，毕业专业，毕业学院
First let me introduce myself. My name is LiShuai, and my English name is Jacky Lee. I've finished my undergraduate education in Xidian University, Majoring in Electronic Science and Technology in the college of Technical Physics.

3.性格，爱好，实践经验
I am open-minded, willing and have broad interests like basketball, reading and especially in engineering such as software programming, website design, hardware design. For example, during the past four years, I have accomplished two websites: one is the website of our school, and the other is the website of the doctor forum of china 2007. Furthermore, I am interested in C plus plus programming language and have written some application programs. In July in the last year,I finished my graduate project with flying colors,which was a software application about Image Process . In addition, I have also finished some projects about embedded system by using MCU when I was a junior.

4.为什么想读研,将来愿意从事的方向,读研时的打算
Although I have broad interests in many aspects and grasp the essential knowledge of the major, but I think at present, I can do many things in a superficial level, but not be competent to do things professionally owing to lack of ample knowledge and ability. So I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.

The major that I hope pursue for my further education is IC design. Because I find integrated circuits are playing a more and more important role in our modern society. And nowadays in China, with the recognition by the government, our domestic integrated circuits industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a lot of chances to us.

I plan to concentrate on study and research in this field in my graduate time. And I hope I can form a systematic view of micro electronics and IC design technology and make a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here.

5.结束语
OK, that’s all. Thank you very much.

2009-01-19 09:04

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• 【丁香面试直通车】72小时急速反馈内推直达简历优化面试辅导

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

918楼

My fellow citizens:

I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.

Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.

So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.

That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.

These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met.

On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.

On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.

In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.

For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.

For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.

For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn.

Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.

This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.

For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.

Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.

What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.

Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.

As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.

Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.

We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.

For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.

To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.

To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.

As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.

For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.

Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.

This is the price and the promise of citizenship.

This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.

This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.

So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:

"Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it]."

America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.

2009-01-21 09:45

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• 开学了，分享一些华西考博的心得

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

919楼

英语世界：Transitive and Intransitive Words

　批改学生作文时，经常发现下列错误：
　1. The students are discussing about the controversial issue.　 (学生在讨论那富争议性的议题。)
　2. The teacher entered into the classroom and greeted with the students.　 (老师进入课室后跟学生打招呼。)
　3. The parents demanded for an immediate halt to the policy. 　 (家长强烈要求立即停止那项政策。)
　4. They approached to the Secretary of Education for more consultation before the implementation of the policy.　 (他们接洽教育局长，要求在这项政策推出前作更多咨询。)
　原来这四句句子内的动词，discuss、enter、greet、demand和 approach 都是及物动词 (transitive verbs)，是不需要加介词 (preposition)的。所以第一句要删掉 about；第二句要删去 into 和 with；第三句的 for 和第四句的 to 都是不必加上去的。
及不及物用前核实
　看看您能否核实下列句子内那些是及物与不及物动词，然后于及物动词后写上X，于不及物动词后加上介词：
　1. After Mr. Chan reached _____ the U.S. A., he started _____ a new job.　 (陈先生到达美国后，开始了新工作。)
　2. They refused to comply _____ the new regulation.　 (他们拒绝顺从新规则。)
　3. The colours of Mr. Lee's ties always match _____ his shirts.　 (李先生的领带和衬衣经常颜色相配。)
　4. Children have to rely _____ their parents for advice.　 (孩子必须依赖家长提供忠告。)
　5. We have to face _____ the biggest challenge in the years to come.　 (在未来数年，我们必须面对最大的挑战。)
　6. The President mentioned ____ the importance of stabilizing the job market during the financial tsunami.　 (总统提及在金融海啸下就业稳定的重要性。)
　7. His parents did not approve _____ bad language in the house.　 (他的父母不容许在家里说脏话。)
　8. They always argue _____ trivial matters.　 (他们经常为小事吵闹。)
　(Key :　1. X,X　2. with　3. X　4. on　5. X 　6. X　7. of　8. about )

韩 Sir 资深英语教师

http://paper.wenweipo.com/2009/01/22/ED0901220012.htm

2009-01-22 08:06

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• 心肺复苏成功，家属竟来索赔被医生剪碎的衣服

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

920楼

工作心得：摘要翻译流程及简洁化浅析（英－中)

工作中需要将摘要（大部分为摘要）翻译为一段汉语。
字数要求尽量少。（<=64个字符）
其格式要求为：
据某杂志某月报道：报道的具体内容。
有些心得。和各位战友共享。
限于水平。写完后觉得过于浅显。高手指点。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
医学英文摘要大致分两种：一种为清晰的列出几项（如：backgroud,method,result,conclusion,discussion)，一种为一整段混合在一起。后者一般更短一些。
本文的例子为前者。
方法：先看背景与结论，对文章大致有个了解。基础／临床？外科／内科？
前瞻性／回顾性？
大部分情况（个人认为约７０％），可直接从题目及翻译的结论中直接提取并翻译。
但是，英语摘要有时会出现下列情况，使我们这样做会产生风险：（即约３０％的风险）
（１）通读整篇摘要后，发现我们认为重要的限定词并未出现在题目中，甚至在结论中也省略。
（２）某些我们认为重要的结论出现在结果中，在结论中未明确指出。
（３）对于某些研究而言，一些重要的数据在结论没有涉及。
基于以上原因，有必要通读全文，综合理解。方可下笔翻译。

即翻译过程为：
背景－－〉结论－－〉方法－－〉结果－－〉讨论－－〉搜索引擎等扫清词语障碍
－－〉初步翻译－－〉力求简洁进行修改得到最终翻译

初步翻译：将英语意译为汉语，符合汉语习惯。不再详述。
下面给出一个最终翻译结果。反推一下初步翻译－－〉最终翻译的一些常见方法。
例：
JNNP9月讯：较TIMI治疗血流分级，mori分型亦为评估MCAO致卒中者溶栓后预后的先兆因子，对部分再通评估更具价值。（原文见文章末）
分析：
（１）“JNNP9月讯”
这是个人以为较为简洁的说法。在没有字数压力时，还可使用以下的形式：
据JNNP9月报道。
（２）“较TIMI治疗血流分级”，此句式的使用可谓是颇费苦心。
此句式的复杂说法为：
与TMI治疗血流分级相比，
相比TMI治疗血流分级，

在翻译实践过程中。
力求简洁的方法还包括：
可以－－〉可
a导致b－－〉a致b
多个修饰语的多个“的”的合理省略（可配合标点符号）
英语中不同动词构成的动词短语－－〉可合并为相同汉语动词的动词短语
适当去掉转折用词，有时可收到简洁与保持客观性的双重效果。
本当举例说明，无奈懒于翻查以前翻译的内容。待以后整理。

写到这里，似乎和摘要英译中关系有些远了。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
原文：
1. Recanalisation of middle cerebral artery occlusion after intra-arterial thrombolysis: different recanalisation grading systems and clinical functional outcome

M Arnold1, K Nedeltchev2, L Remonda2, U Fischer1, C Brekenfeld2, B Keserue1, G Schroth2 and H P Mattle1
1 Department of Neurology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
2 Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Berne

Correspondence to:
Professor Heinrich P Mattle
Department of Neurology, University of Berne, Freiburgstrasse, Inselspital, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland; heinrich.mattle@insel.ch

Background: Different grading systems of arterial recanalisation have never been compared in large series of stroke patients treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT).

Methods: Clinical and angiographic findings and outcome were analysed in 147 patients with M1 or M2 segment occlusion of the middle cerebral artery treated with IAT. Associations of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grading system and the Mori grading system with clinical outcome were compared.

Results: The median NIHSS score on admission was 15 and the mean time from symptom onset to IAT was 242 minutes. After three months the outcome was favourable (defined as modified Rankin scale score (mRS) 2) in 85 patients (58%) and poor (mRS 3 to 5) in 44 (30%); 18 patients (12%) were dead. Recanalisation was categorised as TIMI grade 0 in 17 patients (12%), TIMI 1 in 16 (11%), TIMI 2 in 83 (56%), and TIMI 3 in 31(21%). Seventeen patients (12%) showed Mori grade 0 reperfusion, 16 (11%) Mori 1, 37 (25%) Mori 2, 46 (31%) Mori 3, and 31 (21%) Mori 4. In both TIMI and Mori grading systems, reopening the artery was an independent predictor of a favourable clinical outcome (p<0.0001). When recanalisation was partial, outcome was better in patients with reperfusion >50% (Mori 3) than in those with reperfusion <50% (Mori 2) (p = 0.008).

Conclusions: Both TIMI and Mori grading systems are useful for predicting outcome after stroke and IAT. When recanalisation is partial the Mori classification is more refined in giving prognostic information.

2009-01-27 19:14

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• 【查房必备】你在查房中遇到的最尴尬的事情是什么？

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

921楼

目录

一、内科常用字汇
心血管系统
血液及淋巴系统
呼吸系统
消化系统
内分泌系统
神经系统
肌肉骨骼系统
泌尿及男性生殖系统
特殊感觉器官
综合字汇
二、妇产科常用字汇
三、小儿科常用字汇

四、精神科常用字汇
五、各科常用缩写

六、解剖式内外科常用字汇
七、癌症相关单字
八、医院内常见单字
九、病历表内常见单字
十、诊断用具

一、内科常用字汇
心血管系统 The Cardiovascular System
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 急性心机梗塞
Electrocardiogram (DCG) 心电图
Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease 高血压性心脏血管疾病
Congential Heart Disease 先天性心脏病
Hemangioma 血管瘤
Vasodilatation 血管扩张
Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化
Hypertension 高血压
Hypertrophy 肥大
Hypotension 低血压
Varicose veins 静脉曲张
血液及淋巴系统 The Hemic and Lymphatic System
Adenitis 腺炎
Acute Lymphogenous Leukemia 急性淋巴球性白血病
Leukocyte 白血球
Leukocytopenia白血球减少
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 全身性红斑性狼疮
Splenomegaly 脾肿大
Anemia贫血
Aseptic 无菌的
Septicemia败血症
Hemostasis 止血
Transfusion输血
呼吸系统 The Respiratory System
Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞
Mucosa 黏膜
Exhale呼吸
Apnea窒息
Tachypnea呼吸急促
Pneumonia肺炎
Bronchitis支气管炎
Lung Empyema 肺积脓
消化系统 The Digestive System
Short of breath 呼吸短促
Dysphasia说话困难
Aphasia 失语症
Aphonia失声
Dysphagia 吞咽困难
Gingivitis 齿龈炎

Pharyngitis 咽炎
Laryngitis 喉炎
Esophagoscopy 食道镜检查
Esophagus stricture 食道狭窄
Abdominocentesis腹部穿刺术
Gastric cancer 胃癌
Gastritis 胃炎
Gastroenteritis胃肠炎
Gastrorrhagia胃出血
Pyloric obstruction 幽门阻塞
Duodenal Ulcer 十二指肠溃疡
Peritonitis 腹膜炎
Enterorrhagia 肠出血
Enterorrhexis 肠破裂
Appendicitis 阑尾炎
Colon cancer结肠癌
Proctoscopy 直肠镜检查
Rectal cancer 直肠癌
Anal Fistual 肛门廔管
External hemorrhoid 外痔
Internal hemorrhoid 内痔
Excretion 排泄
Hepatitis肝炎
Hepatomegaly 肝肿大
Gall Stone 胆结石
Cholelithiasis 胆石症
Liver Cirrhosis 肝硬化
Ascites腹水
内分泌系统 The Endocrine System
Glycemia糖血症
Goiter 甲状腺肿
Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病
Diabetes Insipidus尿崩症
Bromidrosis汗臭症
Pituitary Tumor 脑下垂体肿瘤
神经系统 The Nervous System
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis 脑动脉硬化
Cerebral Hemorrhage 脑出血
Cerebral Edema 脑水肿
Cerebra Palsy脑性麻痹
Cerebral Thrombosis 脑栓塞
Cranial Neruritis 脑神经炎
Intracranial Hemorrhage 颅内出血
Encephalitis 脑炎
Electromyography 肌电图
Neuritis神经炎
Epilepsy 癜痫
Trigeminal Neuralgia 三叉神经痛
Rachitis 痀偻症
Rachioscoliiosis脊柱侧弯
Spondylitis 脊椎炎
Quadriplegia 四肢麻痹
Paraplegia 下半身瘫痪
Immediately loss of consciousness 立即丧失意识
Eye opening睁眼反应
Verbal response 语言反应
Motor response 运动反应
Corneal reflex 角膜反射
Plantar reflex 膝反射
Sciatica坐骨神经痛
Chorea 舞蹈症
Muscle atrophy 肌萎缩
Migraine 偏头痛
Parkinson's Disease 巴金森式症
Brain Swelling 脑肿胀
brain Concussion 脑震荡
brain Anoxia脑缺氧症
brain Death 脑死
肌肉骨骼系统 The Musculoskeletal System
Anterior Cruciate Ligament 前十字韧带
Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿性关节炎

Arthrosclerosis关节硬化
Degenerated Joint Disease变性关节炎
Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折
Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折
Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏
Matastatic Lesion转移性损害
Osteoporosis骨质疏松症
Amputation 截肢
Bone graft 骨移植
Hallux Valgus大拇指外翻
Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术
Range of Motion 运动范围
Varus 内翻
Chondromalacia软骨软化症
泌尿及男性生殖系统 The Urinary and Male Reproductive System
Cystitis 膀胱炎
Circumcision包皮环割术
Cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查
Hydronephrosis肾水肿
Renal Stone 肾结石
Acute Renal Failure 急性肾衰竭
Cryptorchidism 隐睾症
Spermatogenesis精子生成
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy 良性摄护腺肥大
Ureteral stenosis 输尿管狭窄
Dysuria 排尿困难
Hematuria血尿
Uremia尿毒症
Urinary Tract Infection 尿路感染
Vasoligation 输精管结扎
Impotence 阳萎
特殊感觉器官 The Organs of Special Senses
Audiometer 听力计
Otitis耳炎
Otorrhea耳漏
Tympanitis中耳炎
Tympanotomy 鼓膜穿破术
Nasitis鼻炎
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma鼻咽癌
Rhinorrhea 鼻溢
Intraocular Foreign Body 眼内异物
Intraocular pressure 眼内压
Oculus Uterque 双眼
Oculus Sinister 左眼
Oculus Dexter 右眼
Extraocular Muscle 眼外肌
Ophthalmologist 眼科医师
Diplopia 复视
Myopia 近视
Blepharoptosis 眼睑下垂
Corneitis 角膜炎
Pupil Size Anisocoria瞳孔大小不等
Retinopexy 视网膜固定术
Retinal Detachment 视网膜剥落
Visual field 视野
Vocal nodular 声带结节
Dermatologist 皮肤科医师
Dermatitis皮肤炎
Cataract白内障
Glaucoma青光眼
综合性字汇
Contraceptive避孕的
Contraindication 禁忌症
Biology 生物学
Hyperemesis 剧吐
Polydipsia剧渴
Homosexual 同性的
Heterosexual 异性的
Inject 注射
Lipoma 脂肪瘤

Lipomatosis 脂肪过多症
Malformaiton 畸形
Malaise 不适
Necrosis坏死
Nocturia 夜尿症
Ployuria 多尿
Narcotics 麻醉药
Hyperplasia 增殖
Dysplasia 发育不良
Dyspepsia 消化不良
Prognosis 预後
Antipyretic 解热剂
Hydrophobia 恐水症
Photophobia 畏光
Antibiotic 抗生素
Syndrome 症候群
Hydrotherapy 水疗法
Perforation 穿孔
Percussion叩诊
Visceralgia脏器痛

2009-01-29 13:17

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• 心肺复苏成功，家属竟来索赔被医生剪碎的衣服

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二、妇产科常用字汇
Genital 生殖的
Gynecology 妇科
Menstruation 月经
Menopause 更年期
Menorrhagia经血过多
Amenorrhea 无月经
Dysmenorrhea经痛
Menarche初经
Cervical cancer 子宫颈癌
Cervical Erosion子宫颈糜烂
Cervicitis子宫颈炎
Perineum会阴
Endometriosis子宫内膜异位
Ovary 卵巢
Ovarian Cyst 卵巢囊肿
Ovulation排卵
Vaginitis阴道炎
Colposcopy 阴道镜检法
Galactocele乳腺囊肿
Mammography 乳房X光摄影术
Infertility 不孕症
InVitro Fertilization 体外受精
Amnion 羊膜
Amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术
Amniotic Fluid Embolism 羊水栓塞
Hydramnion 羊水过多
Anterpartal 产前的
Antepartum 分娩前
Chorionic Villi Sampling 绒毛膜绒毛取样
Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion 胎头骨盆不对称
Artificial Insemination 人工受精
Engagement 进入产位
Estrogen动情基素
Colostrum 初乳
Termination of Pregnancy 终止怀孕
Corpus Luteum 黄体
Vacuum Extraction Delivery 真空吸出分娩
Venereal Disease 性病
Tubal Ligation 输卵管结扎
Laparoscope 腹腔镜
Embryo 胚胎
Ectopic Gestation 子宫外孕
Primipara 初产妇
Attitude of Fetus 胎儿体位
Dead Detus in Uterus 胎死腹中
Multipara 经产妇
Parity 经产
Placenta Previa前置胎盘
Postpartum 产後
Postpartum hemorrhage产後出血
Toxemia of Pregnancy 妊娠毒血症

Adolescence青春期
Basal Body Temperature 基础体温
Cesarean Section 剖腹产
Expected Date of Confinement 预产期
Fallopian Tube 输卵管
Forceps 产钳
Hydatidiform Mole 水囊状胎块
Labor Pain阵痛
Painless Labor 无痛分娩
Molding胎头变形
Normal Spontaneous Delivery 正常自然生产
Papanicolaou Smear 子宫颈抹片检查
Premature Rupture of Membrance 早期破水
Progesterone黄体素
Stillbrith死产
Suture 缝合
Stump残物
Withdrawal Bleeding 停经出血

2009-01-29 13:19

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• 心肺复苏成功，家属竟来索赔被医生剪碎的衣服

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三、小儿科常用字汇
Apnea呼吸暂停
Aplastic Anemia再生不良性贫血
Arterio Venous Malformation 动静脉畸形
Bronchial Asthma支气管性气喘
Bronchitis支气管炎
Cephalopematoma头血肿
Erythema红斑
Hypospadia尿道下裂
Dehydration 脱水
Hydrocephalus水脑
Hydrocele 阴囊积水
Polydactylia多指畸形
Pyoderma脓皮症
Sepsis 败血症
Tonsillitis扁桃腺炎
Encephalitis脑炎
Gastroenteritis肠胃炎
Necrotizing Enterocolitis坏死性小肠结肠炎
Malignant恶性的
Congenital Malformation 先天性畸形
Neonatal Asphyxia新生儿窒息
Cleft Palate 颚裂
Diarrhea腹泻
Dental Caries 龋齿
Facial Nerve Paralysis 颜面神经麻痹
Hives Urticaria蕈麻疹
Torticollis斜颈
Vaccine疫苗
Incubator 保温箱
Cleft lip 兔唇
Chicken pox 水痘
Club foot 畸足
Diphtheria白喉
Dengue fever 登革热
Eczema湿疹
Congenital syphilis 先天性梅毒
German Measles/ Rubella德国麻疹
Giant baby巨婴
Gonorrhea 淋病
Hepatitis B B型肝炎
Hand-foot-mouth disease 手足口病
Jaundice 黄疸
Mongolian spots 蒙古斑
Mumps 腮腺炎
Respiratory arrest呼吸停止
Roseola infantum幼儿玫瑰疹
Vomiting呕吐

2009-01-29 13:22

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• 麻醉医生猝死频发：过劳和死亡之间其实只有一步

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四、精神科常用字汇
Mental retardation 智能不足
autism自闭症
dement 痴呆症
alzheimer's dementia阿尔茲海默式形

痴呆症
alcoholism 酒瘾
substances Intoxication 物质中毒
alcohol Intoxication 酒精中毒
amphetamine Intoxication 安非他命中毒
schizophrenia精神分裂病
delusional Disorder 妄想性病患
Major Depressive Disorder重郁症疾患
phobia畏惧症
obsessive-Compulsive Disorder强迫性病患
pedophilia恋童癖
exhibitionism 暴露狂
Transvestic Fetishism扮异性恋物癖
Gender Identity Disorders 性别认同疾患
Anorexia Nervosa心因性厌食症
Bulimia Nervosa心因性暴食症
临床症状
blunted affect 感情迟钝
silly Laughter 傻笑
apathy冷漠
irritable 易怒的
euphoria欣快感
depression 忧郁
ambivalence感情矛盾
Flat Affect感情平淡
suicide attempt 自杀企图
queer behavior 怪异行为
bizarre behavior 特异行为
hypertalkative 多话
hypotalkative 少话
mutistic不语
hyperactivity 活动过多
hypoactivity 活动过少
compulsive behavior 强迫行为
verbigeration 重复语言
catelepsy 僵直
negativism阻抗行动
Mannerism作态行为
destrctive behavior 破坏行为
autistic thinking 自闭性思考
poverty of speech 言语贫乏
flight of ideas 意念飞跃
loosening of association 思考连结松散
illogical thinking 不合逻辑思考
pressure speech 言语急迫
thought blocking 思考中断
incoherent 语无伦次
thought Withdrawal 思想退缩
irrelevant 答非所问
delusion 妄想
delusion of persecution 被害妄想
delusion of grandeur 夸大妄想
Phobia 恐惧症
acrophobia 惧高症
algophobia 惧痛症
sexual drive 性欲
illusion 错觉
hallucination 幻觉
auditory hallucination 听幻觉
disoreinatation 失去定向力
amnesia记忆丧失症
confabulation 虚谈症
orientation 定向力
judgement 判断力
derealization 失真感
insight病识感
no insight 无病识感
intellectual insight 理性的病识感
true emotional insight 真正具有情绪性病识感
心理学名词
free association 自由联想

dream analysis 梦的解析
ego 自我
id 原我
super ego 超我
ego boundary 自我界限
libido 原欲
scapegoat 代罪羔羊
internal conflict 内在冲突
conscious 意识
unconscious 潜意识
preconscious前意识
transference 情感转移
depersonalization 人格解体
derealization 脱离现实
neurosis神经精神病
Psychosis神经病
Pleasure Principle 享乐原则
Reality Principle 现实原则
Moral Principle 道德原则
Predisposing Factors 潜在因素
Precipitating Factors 诱发因素
Defense Mechanism 防卫机转
compensation 补偿作用
conversion 转化作用
denial 否认作用
displacement 转移作用
dissociation 解离作用
fantasy 幻想作用
identification 认同作用
introjection 内射作用
projection 外射作用
retionalization 合理化作用
reaction formation 反向作用
degression 退化作用
repression 潜抑作用
suppression 压抑作用
restitution 归还作用
sublimation 升华作用
substitution 取代作用
symbolism 象徵作用
undoing 抵销作用
distortion 曲解作用
isolation 隔离作用
Cognitive behavioral Therapy认知行为治疗
Empathy 同理心
Resistance阻抗
testing out behavior 试探行为
self-awareness自我了解
separation anxiety 分离焦虑
reinforcement 增强原则
catharsis 情绪宣泄
confrontation 面质
listen 倾听
restraint 约束
physical restraint 身体的约束
chemical 药物的约束

2009-01-29 13:24

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• 开学了，分享一些华西考博的心得

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五、各科常用缩写
A
AAD against-advice discharge 自动出院
A abdomen 腹部
ADL activities of daily life 日常生活活动
A/G albumin /globulin ration 白蛋白/蛋球白比例
AK above knee 膝上
B.
BE below elbow 肘下
BH body height 身高
b.i.d twice a day 一日两次
Bil bilateral两侧的
BK below knee 膝下
BM bowel movement 肠蠕动
BMR basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率

BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy良性摄护腺肥大
BTI biliary tract infection胆道感染
BUS blood, urine, stool 血液,小便,大便
BW body weight 体重
C.
Ca. Carcinoma 癌
CBC complete blood count 全血球计数
CBD common bile duct 总胆管
CH cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血
Chest P-A chest posterio-anterio 前後胸部
CO cardiac output 心输出量
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术
CPS chronic paranasal sinusitis 慢性鼻窦炎
C/T chemotherapy 化学治疗法
CT cerebral thrombosis 脑栓塞
CT Scan computerized axial tomography scan 电脑断层检查
CVA cerebral vascular accident 脑血管意外
CVP central venous pressure 中心静脉压
D.
DC discontinue 停止
D&C dilatation and curettage 扩张及刮除术
DM diabetes mellitus 糖尿病
DPT diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus 白喉,百日咳,破伤风
DU duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃伤
E.
ECG eletrocardiogram 心电图
EEG electroecephalogram 脑电波图
ENT ear, nose, throat 耳鼻喉
F.
FH family history 家族史
FHS fetal heart sounds 胎心音
FOU fever of unknown 不明原因发烧
Fr fracture 骨折
G.
GB gall bladder 胆囊
GI tract gastric intestinal tract 胃肠道
GSR general surgical routine 一般外科常规
gtt. Drops 滴
GU genitourinary 生殖泌尿的
GYN gynecology 妇科学
H
Hb hemoglobin 血色素
HICH hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage 高血压性脑内出血
h.s. at bedtime 睡前
HT Hypertension 高血压
Ht. (Hct.) Hematocrit 血球容积
Hx History 病例
I
ICP Intermittent catheterization program 间歇性导尿
ICU Intensive care unit 加护病房
ICT Intracerebral tumor脑内肿瘤
I & D Incision and drainage 切开及流
IICP Increased intracranial pressure 增高胪内压
Imp. Impression 臆断
IM Intramuscular 肌肉内的
I & O Intake and output 输入及排出
IV Intravenous 静脉内的
IVKO Intravenous keep open 静脉点滴维持通畅
J
Jej. Jejunum 空肠
Jt. Joint 关节
K
Kn. Knee 膝
KUB Kidney, ureter, baldder 肾、输尿管及膀胱
L.
LFT liver function test肝功能试验
LLQ left lower quadrant 左下象限
LMP last menstrual period 最後一次月经
M
MBD may be discharged 可出院
MN midnight 午夜
N
NKA non known allergy 不明原因的过敏
NP nothing particular 并无特别的
NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma 鼻咽癌
NPO nothing by mouth 禁食
O.
OA osteo-arthritis 骨性关节炎
OB occult blood 潜血
OBS obstetrics 产科
OP operation 手术
OPD outpatient department 门诊
Ortho. Orthopaedic 骨科矫行的
OS ocular sinistro 左眼
OT occupational therapy 职能治疗
OU Both eyes 双眼
P
p.c. after meals 饭後
PCT Penicillin test 盘尼西林测验
PE Physical examination 身体检查
PI Present illness 目前病况
p.o. by mouth 由口
PPU Perforated petic ulcer 穿孔性胃溃疡
PT Physical therapy 物理治疗
PTA Prior to admission 入院前
PTN Parenteral total nutrition 肠道外的高营养
Q
Q every 每一
q.d. every day 每日
q.h every hour 每小时
q.i.d. four times a day 每日四次
q.m. every morning 每日早晨
q.n. every night 每日晚间
R
RA rheumatoid a arthritis 类风湿性关节炎
RBC red blood cell 红血球
RN registered nurse 护理师
R/O rule out 可能是
RR recovery room 恢复室
R/T radio-therapy test 放射治疗
RUQ right upper quadrant 右上象限
Rx take取拿
Medication 处方
Treatment 治疗
S
Sc. Subcutaneous 皮下的
SOB short of breath 呼吸短促
SP.g.r. specific gravity 比重
S/P status/ post operation 手术後
s-s half 一半
St(stat) immediately 立刻
Staph. Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌
T
t.i.d. Three times a day 每日三次
TPR Temperature, pulse, respirations 体温、脉搏、呼吸
TURP Trans-urethral resection of prostate 经尿道切除摄护腺
U
URI Upper respiratory infection 上呼吸道感染
W
WBC White blood cell 白血球
White blood count 白血球计数
Y
Y/O year old 年龄
Z zero 零

2009-01-29 13:26

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六、解剖式内外科常用字汇
The cardiovascular system 心血管系统
lungs 肺脏
venis
vessels血管
capillaries微血管
cardi 心脏
arteries
blood clot凝血
The Hemic and Lymphatic System血液及淋巴系统
Blood 血液
Red blood cell 红血球
White blood cell白血球
Platelet血小板
The Respiratory System 呼吸系统
Bronchial tube主支气管
Alveoii气泡
Pharynx咽
Larynx喉
Trachea气管
Lung肺
Bronchioles小支气管
Pleura胸膜
Chest 胸
Air 气
The Digestive System 消化系统
Lips唇
teeth 牙齿
tongue舌
bile duct 胆管
gallbladder 胆囊
duodenum十二指肠
jejunum空肠
ileum 回肠
appendix 阑尾
small intestine小肠
large intestine大肠
rectum 直肠
anus 肛门
pancreas胰
stomach 胃
esophagus食道
pharynx咽
The Endocrine System
Glands 腺体
Adrenals肾上腺
Pancreas胰
Pituitary 脑下腺
Thyroid and parathyroids 甲状腺和副甲状腺
Breasts 乳房
Ovaries 卵巢
Testes睾丸
The Nervous System
Brain 脑
Spinal cord 脊髓
Vertebra脊椎
Cranium颅腔
Meninges脑膜
Nerves神经
The Musculoskeletal System 肌肉骨系统
Skull 头骨

Clavicle锁骨
Sternum 胸骨
Ribs 助骨
Joints 关节
Ligaments 韧带
Tendons 肌腱
Cartilage 软骨
The Urinary and Male Reproductive System 泌尿及男性生殖系统
Cortex皮质
Urinary膀胱
Urethra尿道
Ureters输尿管
Kidney 肾脏
Renal pelvis 肾孟
Vas deferens精管
Urinary bladder 膀胱
prostate gland前列腺
scrotum 阴囊
testis 睾丸
penis阴茎
urethra尿道
The Organs of Special Senses 特殊感觉器官
Acoustic nerve听神经
Ear 耳朵
Hearing 听觉的
tube 耳咽管
Eardrum 耳骨膜
Eustachian 欧式管
Nasal cavities鼻腔
Nose 鼻
Eyelid眼睑
Lens晶球体
Carnea角膜
Tear duct泪管
Conjunctiva结膜
Choroid layer 脉络膜
Retina视网膜
Sclera巩膜
Optic nerve视神经
Obstetrics & Hynecology 妇产科常用字汇
Fallopian tube输卵管
Ovary 卵巢
Uterus子宫
Vagina阴道
Vulva女阴(外生殖器官)
脑部系统
cerebrum 大脑
corpus callosum 胼胝体
thalamus 视丘
cerebellum 小脑
diencephalon 间脑
cerebral peduncles大脑脚
infundibulum漏斗
hypophysis 脑下垂体
midbrain 中脑
pons 桥脑
medulla 延脑
brain stem 脑干
眼球构造
pupil 瞳孔
suspensory ligaments 悬韧带
ciliary process捷状突
retinal veins网膜静脉
retinal arteries网膜动脉
optic nerve视神经
anterior chamber前眼房
posterior chamber 後眼房
iris虹膜
vitreous body 玻璃状体
internal rectus muscle 内直肌
lacrimal puncta泪孔
lacrimal canaliculi泪小管

lacrimal gland 泪腺
excretory lacrimal duct 泪腺管
eyebrow眉毛
耳朵构造
cochlea 耳蜗
eustachian tube 耳咽管
helix 耳壳
tympanic membrance 鼓膜
external auditory canal 外耳道
semicircular canals半规管
malleus锤骨
vestibulocochlear nerve前庭耳蜗神经
口腔
gingiva 齿龈
molars 大臼齿
premolars 小臼齿
canines犬齿
incisors 门齿
vestibule of mouth 口腔前庭
upper lip 上唇
upper lip frenulum 上唇系带
alveolar provess齿槽突
hard palate硬颚
palatine tonsil颚扁桃腺
sublingual caruncle 舌下阜

2009-01-29 13:28

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• 浙大新规：「10万+」也能被认定为学术论文！！？

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

927楼

七、癌症相关单字
1. gastric cancer胃癌
2. pancreatic cancer胰脏癌
3. colon cancer结肠癌
4. rectal cancer直肠癌
5. prostate cancer摄护腺癌
6. nasotharyngdal carcinona鼻咽癌
7. cervical cancer子宫颈癌
8. lung cancer肺癌
9. esophageal cancer食道癌
10. bladder cancer膀胱癌
11. laryngl caner喉癌
12. ovarian cancer软巢癌
13. liver cancer肝癌
14. skin cancer皮肤癌
15. breast cancer乳癌
16. leukemia血癌
17. bone cancer骨癌
18. brain tumor脑癌
19. heart disease 心脏病
20. lymphoma 淋巴瘤

2009-01-29 13:29

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• 重磅！！心理咨询师证被取消！人社部公布 140 项国家职业资格目录!

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

928楼

八、医院内常见单字
Hospital 医院
Nursing school = nursing home 护理学校
(nursing home) Private convalescence
hospital慢性疾病或恢复期的患者寮养的私立小医院
(nursery school) 处理幼稚园之幼儿的地方
Department of Medicine = Department of Internal Medicine 内科
Resident in medicine 内科住院医师
Chief of Medicine 内科主任 (Medical man)
Internist = intern = intern 实习生 (Internist = 内科医师)
House officer 医院医师的称呼
Junior and senior students 医学院学生(通常3或4学生)
Extern 医院实习生
Clinical clerk 从事病历记录实习之学生
Student nurse 护理学生
Graduate nurse护理学校毕业的护士
Registered nurse (R.N.)取得考试许可证
Supervisor督导护士
Head nurse护士长
Scrub nurse 手术助理护士

Practicing physician = physician in practice = practitioner 开业医生
Ambulance = ambulatory 救护车(不限於车子只要是搬运病人的船或飞机)
Ambulant 可走动不必卧床的病人
Ambulantory patient住院患者可走动 (May ambulate, ambulatory, up ad lib,
may walk)
Malingerer 装病的人 (malinger 装病)
Paretic 麻痹患者
Malpractice 诊疗错误
Emergency room 急诊室
Ward 病房
station护理站
por恢复室
Patient患者,病人
Narcotic 麻醉药
Nurse护士
Doctor 医生
Internist内科医生
Surgeon外科医生
Dentist 牙科医生
Gynecologist 妇科医生
Orthopedist 骨科医生
Oculist 眼科医生
Pediatrician 小儿科医生
Psychiatrist 精神病医生
Intern实习医生
Examination table 诊疗台
Clinical thermometer 体温计
Stethoscope 听诊器
Reflector 反光镜
X-ray checkup X 光检查
X-ray photograph X光像片
Operation 手术
Scalpel 手术刀
Syringe 针筒
Hypodermic needle 注射针
Injection 注射
Ice bag 冰袋
Fixation forceps 固定镊
Medicine, drug药品
Bandage 绷带
Absorbent cotton 脱脂棉
Gauze 纱布
Mask 口罩
Wheel chair 轮椅
Crutches 柺杖
Ambulance 救护车
Stretcher 担架
Chart 病历表
Prescription处方
Blood pressure 血压
Blood type 血型
Artificial respiration 人工呼吸
Pill 药丸
Capsule胶囊
Ointment 软膏
Iodine tincture 碘酒
Sedative 镇静剂
Intensive care unit 加护病房
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 心肺复苏术
Intravenous drip 点滴
Chemotherapy化学治疗
Computerized Topography电脑断层
magnetic resonance imaging核磁共振
Bureau of National Health Insurance中央健保局
Fracture骨折
Gypsum 石膏

2009-01-29 13:30

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• 可爱 baby 被医生塞进玻璃罐里！！！这是弄啥嘞？？？（已公布答案！！）

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

929楼

九、病历表内常见单字
Front sheet, Summary sheet 首页,摘要表
History sheet 病历表
Physical examination sheet 身体检查表
Physician's order sheet 医嘱单
Physician's progress note 医生用病情进展记录
Laboratory reports 检验报告
Radiographic reports X光检查报告
Nursing notes 护理记录
Graphic chart 图式病历
Discharge summary sheet 出院摘要
Operation report 手术报告
Anesthesia record 麻醉记录
Consultation sheet 会诊单
Intake and output sheet 摄取与排泄记录
Consent (or permission) for operation 手术同意书
Emergency room record 急诊室记录
住院病历表
身家调查事项 ( identifying data or biographic data)
admission date 住院日期
hospital number = chart number 病历号码
room number 病房号码
name
sex
age
birth date
birth place
marital status = civil status 婚姻状况
address
occupation
empolyer 雇主公司行号
health insurance number 医疗保险号码
referring physician 转介医生
各系统的表现状况--全身状态
违和感
malaise (= a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, indefinite bodily weakness or discomfort)
feel unwell (ill, poorly)
疲劳感.倦怠感
lassitude
fatigue
tiredness
weariness
languor
lack of energy (vigor)
listlessness
exhaustion
worn-out
虚脱无力状态
weakness
feebleness
lack (loss) of strength
debility
powerlessness
prostration(= extreme weakness or exhaustion)
asthenia
睡眠状态
sleep
slumber (=light sleep)
a nap (=a short sleep)
a doze (= a light or fitful sleep)
入睡 fall asleep ; go to sleep
小睡 take a nap ; take a doze ; slumber ; doze ; drowse
欲睡的 sleepy ; drowsy ; somolent ; lethargic
睡意 sleepiness ; drowsiness ; somnolence
摧睡 become(= feel =get)

sleepy(=drowsy = somnolent)
睡眠不足 loss(= lack = want) of sleep
失眠 insomnia ; sleeplessness ; wakefulness ; inability to sleep
失眠症的人 insomniac
熟睡 sound (profound) sleep
睡醒awake ; wake ; rouse ; awaken
作梦 dream
恶梦 nightmare
梦游症 sleepwalking ; somnambulism
梦游病者 sleep-walker ; somnambulist ; night-walker
体重方面(weight ; body weight)
体重为 weigh~ ; be ~ in weight
最高 maximum
最低 minimum
平均 average
最适 optimum
现在 present
体重减少 weight loss ; loss of weight
体重增加 weight gain ; gain in weight ; increase in weight
瘦 thin ; lean ; skinny
瘦弱 emaciated (emaciation)
肥胖 fat ; stout ; fatty
体温状况(body temperature
量体温 take one's temperature
发烧 fever ; pyrexia ; rise (elevation) of temperature ; increase in temperature
发烧的 feverish ; febrile ; fevered ; pyrexic ; pyrexial
无发烧的 afebrile ; feverless ; apyrexial
发冷 a chill ; rigor ; have a cold fit
寒颤 shiver ; shake ; shaking chills ; shivering with chills
退热 fall ; drop ; go down ; abate ; remit
发汗 sweating ; perspiration
弛张热 remittent fever
间歇热 intermittent fever
连续热 continuous fever
危险期 by crisis
转轻期 by lysis
疼痛方面
偏头痛 migraine ; megrim ; hemicrania ;
後头部痛 occipital pain
侧头部痛 temporal pain
前头部痛 frontal pain
头痛 have(suffer) a headache ; one's head aches ; feel a pain in the head
耳痛 earache ; sore ears ; toalgia
咽喉痛 sore throat ; pharyngalgia
眼痛 have painful eyes ; one's eyes hurt(smart)
齿痛 toothache
胸痛 chest pain
心前部痛 precordial pain
心绞痛 anginal pain
胸股下後痛 substernal (retrosternal) pain
胸膜炎痛 pleuritic pain
腹痛 abdominal pain ; belly(stomach) ache
上腹痛 epigastric pain ; pain in the epigastrium
上腹部痛 upper abdominal pain
下腹部痛 lower abdominal pain
左上腹部痛 left upper quadrant pain
侧腹部痛 flank pain
背痛 backache
腰痛 low backache ; lumbago
关节痛 joint pain
肌肉痛 muscular pain

神经痛 neuralgia
绞痛 colic ; colicky pain
胆石绞痛 biliary or gallstone colic
肾石痛 renal colic
痛 cramps ; crampy (cramping) pain; spasmodic
博动痛 throbbing(pounding, thumping, pulsating) pain
转移性痛 radiating pain ; pain with radiation
牵连痛 referred pain
电击痛 lightning (fulgurant, shooting) pain
带状痛 girdle pain
神经根性痛 root pain
空腹痛 hunger pain
夜间痛 nocturnal pain
自发痛 spontaneous pain
压痛 tenderness
固定痛fixed (steady) pain
灼热痛 burning pain
刺状痛 lancinating ; piercing ; stinging ; darting; stabbing
分裂状头痛 splitting ; racking
撕裂状痛 tearing ; rending ;
钝痛 dull ; obtuse ;
剧烈痛 sharp ; excruciating ; tormenting ; torturing ; racking ; agonizingly severe
不断阵痛 gnawing ; griping
擦伤痛 stinging ; smarting ; sore
针刺痛 pricking ; pricking
呼吸器管和循环器管系统
呼吸 breath ; respiration
呼吸困难 difficulty in breathing ; dyspnea
呼吸短促 be short of breath ; shortness of breath ;be short-winded; be out of breath ; lose one's breath
深呼吸 breathe deeply
叹息 sigh ; draw a long breath
喘息 pant
端坐呼吸 orthopnea
劳动时呼吸困难 exertional dyspnea ; difficulty in breathing on exertion( physical activity)
夜间呼吸困难 nocturnal dyspnea
呼吸快速 tachypnea ; rapid breathing
喘呜 wheeze ; wheezing
打喷嚏 sneezing ; sneeze
打嗝 hiccup (hiccough) ; singultus
咳嗽 cough
阵发性咳嗽 have a fit of coughing ; have a paroxysmal
清喉 clear the throat
乾咳 dry cough ; hacking couth ; nonproductive cough
有痰咳 productive cough ; cough with sputum
喀痰 sputum ; phlegm ; expectorate
喀血 hemoptysis ; bloody expectoration
粘喀痰 viscid (tenaceous ; thick ) sputum
浓喀痰 frothy sputum
泡沫状喀痰 mucoid sputum
脓性喀痰 purulent sputum
血性喀痰 bloody sputum
混血喀痰 blood-streaked sputum
绿色喀痰 greenish sputum
锈色喀痰 rusty sputum
感冒 common cold
流形性感冒 influenze ; flu ; grippe
上呼吸道感染 upper respiratory infection (U.R.I.)

胸膜炎 pleruisy
气喘 asthma
心悸 palpitation
悸动 palpitate ; throb
脉搏暂停 pause in the pulse ; skipped pulse (heart beat)
速脉 rapid pulse ; tachycardia
徐脉 slow pulse ; bradycardia
高血压 high blood pressure ; hypertension ; hypotension
心脏麻痹 heart attack ; heart failure ; cardiac standstill
狭心症 angina (=angina pectoris)
心脏瓣膜症 valvular disease of the heart ; leaking heart valve (leaky heart)
动脉硬化 hardening of the arteries ; arterioscalerosis
血液循环不佳have a poor circulation of blood
间歇性跛行 intermittent claudication
消化器官系统
食欲不振 a poor (weak or bad) appetite ; no little appetite ; loss (lack or decrease) of appetite ; anorexia
食欲增进 increase (improvement) of appetite
无食欲 have no (little ; a poor) appetite
食欲旺盛 have a strong (voracious) appetite
丧失食欲 lose one's apptite
空腹 an empty stomach
咀嚼 chewing ; mastication
吞咽 swallow gulp
吞咽困难 difficulty in swallowing ; dysphagia
嗳气打噎 belching ; eructation
打酸噎 sour eructation
心灼热 heatburn ; pyrosis ; water brash
逆流 regugitation
恶心 nausea ; retch ; heaving ; nauseous feeling ; sickly feeling
感到恶 feel nausea (nauseous, nauseated, sick,queasy) ; retch ; heave ; feel like vomiting
呕吐 vomiting ; emesis ; vomit ; throw up ; bring up ; spew
呕吐物 vomit ; vomitus; vomited matter
咖啡渣 coffee-grounds
消化 digestion
消化不良 indigestion ; dyspepsia
腹部饱胀 abdominal distention ; bloating ; flautulence; meteorism; gassiness
腹鸣 borborygmus ; gurgling ; growling ; rumbling
黄疸 jaundice ; icterus
腹水 ascites
通便 bowel movement ; bowel habit ; pass stools ; move one's bowels ; defecate ; evacuate the bowels ;
下痢 diarrhea ; loose bowels ;
便秘 constipation
水状watery stool (feces)
血状 bloody stool
柏油状 tarry stool
泥状 mushy stool
软状 loose stool
硬状 hard stool
呈固状 formed stool
呈半固状 semiformed stool
大便失禁 fecal incontinence
***pass gas ; pass wind ; pass flatus
泌尿与生殖器官系统
排尿 urination ; micturition ; pass(void)

urine ; urinate ; micturate
尿意 urge (desire ) to urinate
尿急 urinary urgency
频尿 urinary frequency
夜间频尿 frequent urination during the night ; nycturia
多尿 polyuria
少尿 oliguria
无尿 anuria
排尿困难 difficulty in urination ; dysuria
闭尿 urinary retention
尿失禁 urinary incontinence
夜间多尿 nocutria
夜尿症 bed-wetting ; enuresis
混浊尿 cloudy (turbid) urine
血尿 bloody urine ; hematuria
性欲 sexual desire ; libido
性交 sexual intercourse ; coitus ; coition
杨萎 impotence
勃起 erection
射精 ejaculation
早泄 premature ejaculation
遗精 pollution
梦遗 nocturnal pollution(emission); wet dream
包茎 phimosis ; tightening of the foreskin (prepuce)
割礼 circumcision
性病 veneral disease (V.D.)
月经 menstruation ; menses ; periods ; menstrual periods
初潮 menarche ; onset of menses
停经 menopause
更年期 climacteric ; changeof life
痛经 dysmenorrhea ; painful menstruation
无月经 amenorrhea ; missed periods
月经过多 menrrhagia ; hypermenorrhea ; excessive bleeding; excessive flow
白带 vaginal discharge
阴道出血 vaginal bleeding
少量时 yaginal spoting
子宫出血 metrorrhagia ; uterine bleeding
妊娠 pregnancy ; conception
怀孕 conceive ; be pregnant
不妊 sterility ; barrenness ; infertility ; inability to conceive
流产 abortion ; miscarriage ;
人工流产induced abortion
避孕contraception; birth control
避孕药 contraceptive
阵痛 labor
生产分娩 childbirth ; delivery ; give birth to ; be delivered
坐月子 childbed ; confinement; pueriperium ; puerperal period
孕吐 morning sickness ; nausea and vomiting of pregancy
骨关节与肌肉系统
脱臼 joint ; dislocation ; be dislocated be out of joint ; be put out of joint
扭伤 sprain
挫伤 sprain (twist ; wrench )
关节炎 arthritis
风湿症 theumatism
痛风 gout (gaut)
关节痛 arthralgia ; joint pain
变形 deformity
骨折 fracture
石膏 cast ; plaster of Paris
义腿(肢) artificial limb

肌肉痛 muscle pain ; myalgia ; sore muscle
扭筋 strain ; sprain
肩坚硬 stiffness in a shoulder ; a stiff shoulder ; a cramp in the calf ; leg cramp
抽筋 have a cramp ; be cramped
肌肉压痛 tenderness of muscle ; muscular tenderness
精神与神经系统
意识混浊 clouding of consciousness
丧失意识 loss of consciousness ; unconsciousness
恢复意识 recover consciousness
昏厥 fainting ; syncope
昏睡 soma
昏迷 stupor
嗜睡somnolence ;sleepiness; drowiness ; lethargy
错乱 confusion ; distracted ; distraught
胆妄的 delirious
幻觉 hallucination
痉挛 convulsion ; cramp ; spasm
癫痫 epilepsy
半身不遂 be paralyzed on one side ; become hemiplegic
肌无力 muscular weakness
步行困难 difficulty in walking
说话不清 speak thickly
蹒跚 stagger ; reel ; falter ; walk zigzag ; walk with an unsteady gait; reel along
肌肉萎缩 atrophy of muscle
左手性 left-handedness
右手性 right-handedness
运动失调 ataxia
无感觉 loss of sensation ; numbness ; anesthesia
失去感觉 become numb ; loss sensibility
知觉过敏 hypersthesia
知觉迟钝 hypesthesia
知觉异常 paresthesia
神经质 nervousness ; sensitive ; touchy
神经衰弱 nervous breaksown
意志消沉 depressed ; in low spirits
情绪佳 in good mood ; cheerful ; euphoric
情绪不稳定 unstable ; labile capricious
易受刺激 excitable ; easily excited ; irritable
不安的 anxious ; apprehensive ; uneasy
内向的人 introvert
外向的人 extrovert
健忘 be forgetful ; have a poor memory
漠不关心 indifferent ; nonchalant ; unconcerned
自卑感 inferiority complex
歇斯底里病 hysteria
眼耳鼻咽喉
视力丧失 lose one's sight 9eyesight) ; become blind
失明 loss of vision ; blindness
视力减退 impairment of visual acuity ; impaired vision ; fogglness (dimness) of vision ; poor (defective) vision ; blurring
近视 near-sightedness ; myopia myopy
远视 far-sightedness ; hypermetrope ; hyperope
折射异常 refractive error
乱视 astigmatism
斜视 strabismus ; squint
复视 diplopia ; double vision
夜盲 night-blindness ; nyctalopia

盲点 scotoma ; blind spot
眼睛疲劳 eyestrain
流泪过多 overflow of tears
异物感foreign body sensation ; a feeling of something ; grittiness ; sandiness
怕光 photophoia ; abnormal intolerance of light ; inability to stand light
结膜炎 conjunctivitis
砂眼 trachoma
听力减退 impaired hearing ; decreased hearing ; loss of hearing
重听 be hard of hearing
耳聋 deaf
耳鸣 ringing of ears ; tinnitus
耳痛 earache ; otalgia
耳垢 cerumen ; erawax ;
中耳炎 otitis media ; inflammation of the middle ear
流鼻水 snivel ; run at the nose ; have a running nose ;
鼻伤风 sniffles ; snuffles ; head cold ; coryza
擤鼻涕 blow the nose ;
鼻声 a nasal voice
鼻塞 nasal obstruction ; nasal stuffiness ; nasal blockage ; nasal congestion
鼻出血 nosebleed ; bleeding from the nose ; nasal hemorrhage ; epistaxis
鼻炎 rhinitis
扁桃 tonsil
扁桃炎 tonsillitis
齿痛 toothache
蛀齿 decayed tooth ; dental caries ; tooth caries ; tooth cavity
义齿 an artificial tooth
装假牙 wear false teeth (a denture)
无齿 toothless ; edentulous
掉齿 lose a tooth ; come out
拔齿 pull out ; extract a tooth
齿龈 gums ; gingiva
皮肤
发疹 eruption ; rash ; exanthema ; exanthem
湿疹 eczema
荨麻疹 urticaria ; hives
胎记 birth mark(红斑)
青斑 bruise
黑斑 mole
水泡 welt ; wheal ;wale
头皮屑 dandruff ; scurf
痂 scab ; curst ; slough
丘疹 pimple ; acne
香港脚 athlete's foot ; ringworm of the feet
痱子 prickly heat ; heat rash
龟裂 chaps ; cracks
糜烂 sore ; erosion ; festering
疣 warts
冻疮 chilblain ; festering
尿布疹 diaper rash
黄癣 favus ; scaldhead
脓泡 impetigo
雀斑 freckles
晒斑 sunburn
骚养 itching ; pruritus
骚养伤 scratch
生脓 fester ; form pus ; suppurate
渗出 exude ;ooze ; weep
股擦伤 have a thigh sore (chafing in the groin)
脱毛 loss of hair ; falling-out of hair
多毛症 hirsutism
无毛 hairless ; bald ;

秃头 baldness ; bald- headedness
秃头症 alopecia

2009-01-29 13:34

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• 北京马拉松参赛者心跳骤停，所谓「标准」抢救竟又是 CPR 错用？！！

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

930楼

十、诊断用具
stethoscope 听诊器
sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) 血压计
thermometer 体温计
ophthalmoscope 捡眼镜
otoscope 耳镜
laryngeal mirror 喉镜
flashlight 手电统
tongue depressor (tongue blade) 压舌板
hammer (percussion hammer ; reflex hammer) 叩诊锤
tuning fork 音叉
tape measure 卷尺
scale (ruler) 尺
loupe (magnifying glass ; hand lens) 放大镜
rubber gloves 橡胶手套
finger cot 指套
vaginal speculum 阴道镜

2009-01-29 13:34

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- 违规侵权、站友争执
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- 其他

• 协和、北大、中山医考博体会（2年的努力，终成正果）

楼主

olian

老年病科

丁香园准中级站友

931楼

第1课：汇报病例
作业：从以下网站中摘录汇报病例的各种句型，归类整理。
包括主诉、现病史、既往史、生命征、内科查体、专科查体、辅助检查等的描述。
各位热心站友可以跟贴发表自己的整理结果，格式不限，一周内完成。一周后完成的可能得不到加分。

http://www.nejm.org/searchcases/search.aspx
新英格兰医学杂志的病例搜索引擎，可以根据自己的专业搜索到感兴趣病例，每个病例的前半部分是病例报告

http://www.bcm.edu/neurology/case.html
Baylor医学院的经典病例展示，每个病例的第一部分是病例报告

http://www.medscape.com/px/viewindex/more?Bucket=columns&SectionId=49
Johns Hopkins 的神经科病例,需要免费注册

您也可以自己从网上搜索病例，从中整理句型
比如这里有john hopkins 的关节炎cases
http://www.hopkins-arthritis.som.jhmi.edu/case/case.html

这里几乎囊括各科病例
http://www.mic.ki.se/MEDCASES.html

附加题：用英语写一份本专业的病例摘要（不是大病历），要求简明扼要，符合英语表达习惯，100-150个词

一周后我将贴出自己上周整理完成的《用英语汇报病例》幻灯片。

2009-03-15 14:22