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【共享】书不多，但本本经典！我的56信箱。

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hugang2004_2000

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1：Medicinal Natural Products 2ed
CONTENTS
1 ABOUT THIS BOOK, AND HOW TO USE IT
The Subject
The Aim
The Approach
The Topics
Be Selective
To Learn, or to Understand?
Conventions Regarding Acids, Bases, and Ions
Nomenclature
Some Common Abbreviations
Further Reading
2 SECONDARY METABOLISM: THE BUILDING BLOCKS AND CONSTRUCTION
MECHANISMS
Primary and Secondary Metabolism
The Building Blocks
The Construction Mechanisms
Alkylation Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitution
Alkylation Reactions: Electrophilic Addition
Wagner–Meerwein Rearrangements
Aldol and Claisen Reactions
Schiff Base Formation and the Mannich Reaction
Transamination
Decarboxylation Reactions
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Dehydrogenases
Oxidases
Mono-oxygenases
Dioxygenases
Amine Oxidases
Baeyer–Villiger Oxidations
Phenolic Oxidative Coupling
Glycosylation Reactions
Some Vitamins Associated with the Construction Mechanisms
Vitamin B1 , Vitamin B2 , Vitamin B5 , Vitamin B6 , Vitamin B12 , Vitamin H
Further Reading
3 THE ACETATE PATHWAY: FATTY ACIDS AND POLYKETIDES
Saturated Fatty Acids
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Fixed Oils and Fats, Evening Primrose Oil
Acetylenic Fatty Acids
Branched-Chain Fatty Acids
Echinacea
viii CONTENTS
Prostaglandins
Prostaglandins, Isoprostanes
Thromboxanes
Thromboxanes
Leukotrienes
Leukotrienes
Aromatic Polyketides
Cyclization: Simple Phenols
Structural Modifications: Anthraquinones
Senna, Cascara, Frangula, Allied Drugs, Hypericum/St John’s Wort
C-Alkylation Reactions
Mycophenolic Acid, Khellin and Cromoglicate
Phenolic Oxidative Coupling
Griseofulvin
Oxidative Cleavage of Aromatic Rings
Starter Groups Other Than Acetate
Poison Ivy and Poison Oak, Aflatoxins, Cannabis, Tetracyclines, Anthracycline
Antibiotics
Macrolides and Polyethers
Extender Groups other than Malonate
Macrolide Antibiotics, Avermectins, Polyene Antifungals, Tacrolimus and Sirolimus,
Ansa Macrolides
Cyclization Through Diels–Alder Reactions
Mevastatin and other Statins
Genetic Manipulation of the Acetate Pathway
Further Reading
4 THE SHIKIMATE PATHWAY: AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS AND
PHENYLPROPANOIDS
Aromatic Amino Acids and Simple Benzoic Acids
Folic Acid (Vitamin B9 ), Chloramphenicol
Cinnamic Acids
Lignans and Lignin
Podophyllum
Phenylpropenes
Volatile Oils Containing Principally Aromatic Compounds
Benzoic Acids from C6C3 Compounds
Coumarins
Dicoumarol and Warfarin, Psoralens
Styrylpyrones
Kava
Flavonoids and Stilbenes
Flavonolignans
Silybum marianum
Isoflavonoids
Phyto-oestrogens, Derris and Lonchocarpus
Terpenoid Quinones
Vitamin E, Vitamin K
Further Reading
CONTENTS ix
5 THE MEVALONATE AND DEOXYXYLULOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAYS:
TERPENOIDS AND STEROIDS 167
Hemiterpenes (C5)
Monoterpenes (C10)
Volatile Oils Containing Principally Terpenoid Compounds
Irregular Monoterpenes
Pyrethrins
Iridoids (C10)
Valerian
Sesquiterpenes (C15)
Feverfew, Chamomile and Matricaria, Artemisia annua and Artemisinin, Gossypol,
Trichothecenes
Diterpenes (C20)
Taxus brevifolia and Taxol (Paclitaxel), Ginkgo biloba, Forskolin
Sesterterpenes (C25)
Triterpenes (C30)
Triterpenoid Saponins
Liquorice, Quillaia, Ginseng
Modified Triterpenoids
Tetraterpenes (C40)
Vitamin A
Higher Terpenoids
Steroids
Stereochemistry
Cholesterol
Cholesterol
Steroidal Saponins
Dioscorea, Fenugreek, Sisal, Sarsaparilla, Yucca
Cardioactive Glycosides
Digitalis purpurea, Digitalis lanata, Strophanthus, Convallaria, Squill, Toxic Plants
Phytosterols
Soya Bean Sterols, Fusidic Acid
Vitamin D
Vitamin D
Bile Acids
Bile Acids
Adrenocortical Hormones/Corticosteroids
Semi-Synthesis of Corticosteroids
Corticosteroid Drugs
Progestogens
Progestogen Drugs
Oestrogens
Oestrogen Drugs, Aromatase Inhibitors, Oestrogen Receptor Antagonists
Androgens
Androgen Drugs
Further Reading
x CONTENTS
6 ALKALOIDS
Alkaloids Derived from Ornithine
Pyrrolidine and Tropane Alkaloids
Belladonna, Stramonium, Hyosycamus, Duboisia, Allied Drugs, Hyoscyamine,
Hyoscine and Atropine, Coca
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Alkaloids Derived from Lysine
Piperidine Alkaloids
Lobelia
Quinolizidine Alkaloids
Indolizidine Alkaloids
Alkaloids Derived from Nicotinic Acid
Pyridine Alkaloids
Vitamin B3 , Tobacco, Areca
Alkaloids Derived from Tyrosine
Phenylethylamines and Simple Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids
Catecholamines, Areca, Lophophora, Curare
Modified Benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids
Opium
Phenethylisoquinoline Alkaloids
Colchicum
Terpenoid Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids
Ipecacuanha
Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids
Galanthamine
Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan
Simple Indole Alkaloids
5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin), Psilocybe
Simple β-Carboline Alkaloids
Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids
Rauwolfia, Catharanthus, Iboga, Nux-vomica, Ellipticine
Quinoline Alkaloids
Cinchona, Camptothecin
Pyrroloindole Alkaloids
Physostigma
Ergot Alkaloids
Ergot, Morning Glories
Alkaloids Derived from Anthranilic Acid
Quinazoline Alkaloids
Quinoline and Acridine Alkaloids
Alkaloids Derived from Histidine
Imidazole Alkaloids
Pilocarpus
Alkaloids Derived by Amination Reactions
Acetate-derived Alkaloids
Conium maculatum
Phenylalanine-derived Alkaloids
Ephedra, Khat
Terpenoid Alkaloids
Aconite
CONTENTS xi
Steroidal Alkaloids
Solanum Alkaloids
Purine Alkaloids
Caffeine, Theobromine, and Theophylline, Coffee, Tea, Cola, Cocoa, Mat´e Tea,
Guarana
Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin
Saxitoxin, Tetrodotoxin
Further Reading
7 PEPTIDES, PROTEINS, AND OTHER AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES
Peptides and Proteins
Ribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis
Peptide Hormones
Thyroid Hormones
Thyroxine, Calcitonin
Hypothalamic Hormones
Thyrotrophin-Releasing Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone, Growth
Hormone-Releasing Hormone/Factor, Somatostatin
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Corticotropin, Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Gonadotrophins
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
Oxytocin, Vasopressin
Pancreatic Hormones
Insulin, Glucagon
Interferons
Interferons
Opioid Peptides
Enzymes
Nonribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis
Peptide Antibiotics
Cycloserine, Polymyxins, Bacitracins, Tyrothricin and Gramicidins, Capreomycin,
Vancomycin and Teicoplanin, Bleomycin, Cyclosporins, Streptogramins,
Dactinomycin
Peptide Toxins
Death Cap (Amanita phalloides), Ricin, Botulinum Toxin, Microcystins, Snake Venoms
Modified Peptides: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Other β-Lactams
Penicillins
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins, Cephamycins, Carbacephems
Other β-Lactams
Clavulanic Acid, Carbapenems, Monobactams
Cyanogenic Glycosides
Glucosinolates
Cysteine Sulphoxides
Garlic
Further Reading
xii CONTENTS
8 CARBOHYDRATES
Monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides, Vitamin C
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides
Aminosugars
Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Streptamine-containing Antibiotics,
2-Deoxystreptamine-containing Antibiotics, Acarbose, Lincomycin and Clindamycin
Further Reading
Index

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2:Handbook of Photosynthesis
Table of Contents
Section I Principles of Photosynthesis
1 Mechanisms of Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution and Fundamental Hypotheses
of Photosynthesis
Yuzeir Zeinalov
2 Thermoluminescence as a Tool in the Study of Photosynthesis
Anil S. Bhagwat and Swapan K. Bhattacharjee
Section II Biochemistry of Photosynthesis
3 Chlorophyll Biosynthesis—A Review
Benoıˆt Schoefs and Martine Bertrand
4 Probing the Relationship between Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Routes and the
Topography of Chloroplast Biogenesis by Resonance Excitation Energy
Transfer Determinations
Constantin A. Rebeiz, Karen J. Kopetz, and Vladimir L. Kolossov
5 Protochlorophyllide Photoreduction—A Review
Martine Bertrand and Benoıˆt Schoefs
6 Formation and Demolition of Chloroplast during Leaf Ontogeny
Basanti Biswal
7 Role of Phosphorus in Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism
Anna M. Rychter and I. M. Rao
8 Inhibition or Inactivation of Higher-Plant Chloroplast Electron Transport
Rita Barr and Frederick L. Crane
Section III Molecular Aspects of Photosynthesis: Photosystems, Photosynthetic Enzymes and Genes
9 Photosystem I: Structures and Functions
Tetsuo Hiyama
10 Covalent Modification of Photosystem II Reaction Center Polypeptides
Julian P. Whitelegge
11 Reactive Oxygen Species as Signaling Molecules Controlling Stress Adaptation in Plants
Tsanko Gechev, Ilya Gadjev, Stefan Dukiandjiev, and Ivan Minkov
12 Plastid Morphogenesis
Ja′n Huda′k, Elisˇka Ga′lova′, and Lenka Zemanova′
13 Plastid Proteases
Dennis E. Buetow
14 Supramolecular Organization of Water-Soluble Photosynthetic Enzymes along the
Thylakoid Membranes in Chloroplasts
Jayashree K. Sainis and Michael Melzer
15 Cytochrome c6 Genes in Cyanobacteria and Higher Plants
Ho Kwok Ki
Section IV Atmospheric and Environmental Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
16 External and Internal Factors Responsible for Midday Depression of Photosynthesis
Da-Quan Xu and Yun-Kang Shen
17 Root Oxygen Deprivation and the Reduction of Leaf Stomatal Aperture and Gas Exchange
Robert E. Sojka, Derrick M. Oosterhuis, and H. Dan Scott
18 Rising Atmospheric CO2 and ** Photosynthesis
Joseph C.V. Vu
19 Influence of High Light Intensity on Photosynthesis: Photoinhibition and Energy Dissipation
Robert Carpentier
20 Development of Functional Thylakoid Membranes: Regulation by Light and Hormones
Peter Nyitrai
SectionV Photosynthetic Pathways in Various Crop Plants
21 Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation of C3, **, and CAMPathways
Anil S. Bhagwat
22 Photosynthesis in Nontypical ** Species
Marı′a Valeria Lara and Carlos Santiago Andreo
Section VI Photosynthesis in Lower and Monocellular Plants
23 Regulation of Phycobilisome Biosynthesis and Degradation in Cyanobacteria
Johannes Geiselmann, Jean Houmard, and Beno_ˆit Schoefs
Section VII Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
24 Short-Term and Long-Term Regulation of Photosynthesis during Leaf Development
Dan Stessman, Martin Spalding, and Steve Rodermel
25 Recent Advances in Chloroplast Development in Higher Plants
Iliya D. Denev, Galina T. Yahubian, and Ivan N. Minkov
Section VIII Photosynthesis in Different Plant Parts
26 Photosynthesis in Leaf, Stem, Flower, and Fruit
Abdul Wahid and Ejaz Rasul
Section IX Photosynthesis and Plant/Crop Productivity and Photosynthetic Products
27 Photosynthetic Plant Productivity
Lubomı′r Na′tr and David W. Lawlor
28 Photosynthate Formation and Partitioning in Crop Plants
Alberto A. Iglesias and Florencio E. Podesta′
SectionX Photosynthesis and Plant Genetics
29 Crop Radiation Use Efficiency and Photosynthate Formation—Avenues for Genetic
Improvement
G.V. Subbarao, O. Ito, and W. Berry
30 Physiological Perspectives on Improving Crop Adaptation to Drought—Justification
for a Systemic Component-Based Approach
G.V. Subbarao, O. Ito, R. Serraj, J. J. Crouch, S. Tobita, K. Okada,
C. T. Hash, R. Ortiz, and W. L. Berry
Section XI Photosynthetic Activity Measurements and Analysis of Photosynthetic Pigments
31 Whole-Plant CO2 Exchange as a Noninvasive Tool for Measuring Growth
Evangelos D. Leonardos and Bernard Grodzinski
32 Approaches to Measuring Plant Photosynthetic Activity
Elena Masarovicˇova′ and Katarina Kra′l’ova′
33 Analysis of Photosynthetic Pigments: An Update
Martine Bertrand, Jose′ L. Garrido, and Benoıˆt Schoefs
Section XII Photosynthesis and Its Relationship with Other Plant Physiological Processes
34 Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Growth
Bruce N. Smith
35 Nitrogen Assimilation and Carbon Metabolism
Alberto A. Iglesias, Maria J. Estrella, and Fernando Pieckenstain
36 Leaf Senescence and Photosynthesis
Agnieszka Mostowska
Section XIII Photosynthesis under Environmental Stress Conditions
37 Photosynthesis in Plants under Stressful Conditions
Rama Shanker Dubey
38 Photosynthetic Response of Green Plants to Environmental Stress:
Inhibition of Photosynthesis and Adaptational Mechanisms
Basanti Biswal
39 Salt and Drought Stress Effects on Photosynthesis
B. Huchzermeyer and H. W. Koyro
40 Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism of Crops under Salt Stress
Bruria Heuer
41 Photosynthesis under Drought Stress
Habib-ur-Rehman Athar and Muhammad Ashraf
42 Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Stomatal Limitation to Photosynthesis
during Water Stress
Jana Pospı′sˇilova′ and Ian C. Dodd
43 Adverse Effects of UV-B Light on the Structure and Function of the
Photosynthetic Apparatus
Imre Vass, Andra′s Szila′rd, and Cosmin Sicora
44 Heavy Metal Toxicity Induced Alterations in Photosynthetic Metabolism in Plants
Shruti Mishra and R. S. Dubey
45 Effects of Heavy Metals on Chlorophyll–Protein Complexes in Higher Plants:
Causes and Consequences
E′ va Sa′rva′ri
Section XIV Photosynthesis in the Past, Present, and Future
46 Origin and Evolution of ** Photosynthesis
Bruce N. Smith