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从web of science看2006年诺贝尔奖 [精华]

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2006 Nobel Prize in Medicine

Andrew Fire and Craig Mello
"for their discovery of RNA interference –
gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"

http://www2.noctrl.edu/academics/departments/biology/seminar/RNAiNobel.ppt

2007-05-09 07:36

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转眼间，2007年诺贝尔医学奖今天就要颁布了，关注下诺贝尔，关注下web of science.

诺贝尔医学奖8日将率先揭晓分子生物学成为热门

　　中新网10月8日电香港《文汇报》报道，作为本年度诺贝尔奖的头炮，医学奖最早将于北京时间今天下午五点半公布得奖者。香港传染病专科医生劳永乐认为，今年较大机会夺奖的范畴是分子生物学，因为这方面的尖端科技能解释很多生理现象，例如大脑、免疫系统、SARS和禽流感都可以应用到这方面的技术，所以在医学界愈来愈重要。

　　过去诺贝尔多个科学奖都是美国人天下，对于今年夺得医学奖的热门国家，劳永乐相信是北美和欧洲这些尖端医学科技中心的机会较大。他说虽然香港的医学贡献也很出色，例如在SARS和禽流感方面的研究，但能否夺奖是未知之数。

　　劳永乐指出，由于全球暖化，以至传染病肆虐，环境医学的范畴也值得留意，他希望有专家可以为环境健康问题贡献良策。他并关注到贫穷落后国家的传染病情况，希望医学界进一步为这方面努力。

　　至于有机会夺奖的人选，美联社报道，发现端粒的美国科学家布莱克本、格雷德和绍斯塔克是热门人选。他们的研究显示，癌细胞利用端粒维持不受控生长，现正研究制止这种药物是否可以治疗癌症。他们又相信这种端粒与衰老的病有关。

　　另一热门人选是英国科学家杰弗里斯，他1984年发现脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)样本与人身份的关系，之后法庭广泛采用DNA做证据。

　　过去5年医学奖得主

　　2006年：美国的法尔和梅洛发现“关掉”特定基因的功能，有助针对有害基因创出新疗法。
　　2005年：澳洲医学研究员马歇尔及沃伦发现幽门螺旋杆菌导致胃炎及肠胃溃疡。
　　2004年：美国的阿克塞尔和巴克研究人类嗅觉，发现让人类分辨出1万多种气味的接收器。
　　2003年：美国的劳特布尔和英国的曼斯菲尔德发明磁力共振。
　　2002年：英国的布伦纳和苏尔士顿连同美国的霍维茨发现基因如何控制器官发展和一种“细胞自杀”过程。

Nobel Medicine Prize Slated for Monday

STOCKHOLM, Sweden (AP) — American scientists who discovered an enzyme that broke new ground in research on cancer and aging are among potential candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine, the first of six prestigious awards to be announced by the Nobel committees.

Another possible winner of Monday's $1.54 million medicine prize is a British researcher who discovered genetic fingerprinting that has helped solve crimes and settle paternity disputes.

The secretive Nobel committee at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute will announce the winner after a final vote Monday morning, but won't even say who's on the short list before then.

"We have been working on this since February," said Hans Jornvall, secretary of the Nobel committee that reviews research nominated for the award.

Last year, the Nobel Prize in medicine went to Americans Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello for discovering RNA interference, a process that can silence specific genes.

American researchers Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak have figured prominently in Nobel speculation in recent years for predicting and discovering an enzyme called telomerase.

Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth. Scientists are studying whether drugs that block the enzyme can fight the disease. In addition, scientists believe that the DNA erosion the enzyme repairs might play a role in age-related illnesses.

Sir Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester also is often mentioned by experts as a possible candidate. Jeffreys found in 1984 that a DNA sample could be linked to the person it came from — a finding that has come into play in court cases in which DNA evidence has exonerated convicted murderers.

It has also been used to help identify the victims of mass disasters, such as the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks in New York and Washington.

Karin Bojs, science editor at the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter — who correctly guessed two of last year's Nobel Prizes — predicted that the medicine award would go to American David Julius and Israeli Baruch Minke for research on how the human body reacts to heat and pain.

Thomson Scientific, a unit of the U.S.-based Thomson Corp., singled out five possible candidates, including neuroscientist Fred H. Gage, who discovered that humans can develop new brain cells as adults.

Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden's central bank.

The prizes are handed out every year on Dec. 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death in 1896.

Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, only that the prizes should honor those who "shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind."

Jornvall said medicine winners must have made an important discovery — they are not awarded for a body of research.

"If it's not possible to define what the discovery is, then it's going to be hard," he said.
On the Net:

* Nobel Foundation: http://nobelprize.org/

2007-10-08 08:34