According to England's National Health Service the signs that someone has contracted the novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2 are a high temperature or a new,continuous cough.

      根据英国国民医疗服务体系，感染新型冠状病毒SARS-COV-2的迹象为高烧或持续性咳嗽。

      This is certainly true for a majority of patients,but it is not so for a sizeable minority. Papers published in recent weeks present the new virus as having many faces.

      大部分患者确实如此，但对少数患者来说，却并非如此。近几周发表的论文称这种新病毒有多副面孔。

      This is in stark contrast to the way in which influenza, another primarily respiratory disease, behaves-and it makes SARS-COV-2 all the more dangerous. It also raises the question of why this virus's symptoms are so protean.

      这与另一种主要呼吸道疾病——流感的表现方式形成了鲜明对比——并且这使得SARS-COV-2更加危险。其还引发了一个问题——为什么这种病毒的症状如此千变万化。

      For decades, influenza has been referred to as "an unvarying disease caused by a varying virus" because of its tendency to mutate every year and yet still cause the same symptoms of rapid-onset fever, malaise, headaches and coughing.

      几十年来，流感一直被称为“一种由易变病毒所引起的不变的疾病”因为流感每年都有变异的趋势，但所引起的症状都是相同的：突然高烧、乏力、头疼和咳嗽。

      Indeed, a review of influenza papers published in 2018 by John Paget of the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, showed that even when all of the different influenza types (A or B) and subtypes (HiNi, H3N2,etc) were analysed,

      确实，2018年由荷兰卫生服务研究所的John Paget发表的一篇关于流感的论文综述表明，即便对所有的流感类型(A型或B型)以及其子类型(H1N1.H3N2等)进行了分析，

      there were few differences in the ways they presented clinically.Literature on SARS-COV-2 suggests, by contrast, that this virus is a master of disguise. For example, Anthony DeBenedet,a doctor at St Joseph Mercy Health System in Michigan,

reports in the American Journal of Gastroenterology that in early March, following a trip down the Nile, a 71-year-old woman arrived at his emergency department with bloody diarrhoea.

      它们的临床表象还是存在些许不同。相比之下，关于SARS-COV-2的文献表明，这种病毒是伪装的高手。例如，密歇根圣约瑟慈善医疗系统的医生Anthony DeBenedet在《美国胃肠病学杂志》报道，三月初尼罗河之旅后，一名71岁的女性因出血性腹泻来到他的急诊室。

      She suffered with this condition for five days, while also experiencing abdominal pains and nausea.But her temperature was normal and her breathing good, so COVID-19 was not suspected.

      她的这种情况持续了5天，同时还伴有腹痛和恶心。但是她的体温正常，呼吸顺畅，所以没有怀疑是COVID-19。

      Yet when he and his colleagues examined samples of her stools for signs of the sorts of bacterial infections that are likely to be picked up in Egypt, they found none.They also saw no beneficial effects from the antibiotics they were administering.

      然而，当他和他的同事对她的粪便样本进行检查，以寻找可能在埃及发现的各种细菌感染的迹象时，他们没有发现任何迹象。他们发现使用抗生素也没有任何有益的效果。

      They therefore started to wonder whether something else might be going on. It was only on the fourth day of the woman's stay at the hospital, her ninth day of illness, when she developed a cough, that they tested her for SARS-COV-2 and confirmed the virus's presence in both her nasal tissues and her stools. Dr DeBenedefs findings are far from unique.

      因此，他们开始怀疑是否还有其他原因。直到这位女士入院第四天，患病第九天的时候，她出现了咳嗽的症状，这时他们才对她进行sars-cov-2检测，并确认该病毒存在于她的鼻腔组织和粪便中。DeBenedet医生的发现并非特例。

Tips

Contract

n. (contract) 合同，协议；契约；婚约；（非正式）雇用刺客的暗杀协议；（桥牌）定约

v. (contract) 使收缩，使缩小，使缩短；感染；订约，签订；结交；负（债）；招致

adj. (contract) 受雇执行合同的，雇用的

enter into/make/sign a contract with the supplier 与供应商签订合同

a contract for the supply of vehicles 车辆供应合约

a contract of employment 雇用合同

a research contract 从事研究的合同

I was on a three-year contract that expired last week. 我签订的三年期合同已于上周期满。

They were sued for breach of contract 他们被指控违约。

take out a contract on ** 获得杀害某人的协议

Glass contracts as it cools. 玻璃遇冷收缩。

a contracting market 萎缩的市场

The heart muscles contract to expel the blood. 心脏肌肉收缩以挤压出血液。

contract AIDS/a virus/a disease 感染艾滋病╱病毒╱疾病

Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.

有几位计算机工程师与财务部门签订了合同。

The economy is expected to contract by about 1%. (From The Economist)

该国经济据信将萎缩0.1%。

This wire, when activated, they contract. (From VOA) 这个电线被激活的时候会收缩。

Diabetics are three times as likely to contract tuberculosis. (From The Economist)

糖尿病患者感染肺结核的几率是过去的三倍。

He has contracted the disease while treating infected patients. (From BBC)

他为感染病毒的病人进行治疗时也感染了这种疾病。

high temperature 高烧

sizeable minority 少数人

have many faces 有多副面孔

in stark contrast to 与……形成鲜明的对比

influenza [内科] 流行性感冒（简写flu）；家畜流行性感冒

respiratory disease 呼吸疾病

protean 千变万化的；一人演几个角色的；变形虫的

protean character 多变的性格

He loved to show off his protean talent. 他喜欢炫耀他的各式各样的才能。

The borders of this new world will remain protean, subject to change over time.  

世界新格局的界线还将随着时间的推移而不断变化。

mutate

vt. 改变，使突变

vi. 变化，产生突变

the ability of the virus to mutate into new forms 病毒变异成新菌株的能力

mutated genes 发生变异的基因

Rhythm and blues mutated into rock and roll. 节奏布鲁斯演变成为摇滚乐。

Viruses circulate worldwide every year, mutating slightly over time.

病毒每年都会在全球流行，每次都会发生轻微的变异。

And also on whether the virus mutates to become more transmissible or lethal. (From The Economist)

以及病毒是否会突变，变得更具传染性或致命性。

Affected children inherit two copies of a mutated gene, one from each parent. (From VOA)

受影响的儿童会遗传到父母双方的两种变异基因。

rapid-onset fever 突然高烧

Malaise 不舒服；心神不安

a serious malaise among the staff 员工极为不满的情绪

economic/financial/social malaise 揣摩不透的经济╱金融╱社会问题

Others think the West's true malaise is not mechanical but moral: a love of money, markets and material things. (From The Economist) 其他人则认为西方国家并不是运转出现问题，而是道德出现问题：永无止境地追求财富，市场和物质，这才是问题。

This lecture begins in a state of malaise, which can be defined as a vague sense of physical, mental or moral ill health 我们这节课开始要讲的是一种低迷状态，可大概定义为身体精神或者道德上的不健康状态

by contrast 相比之下；与之相比

Master of Disguise 伪装大师；伪装之王

Gastroenterology 肠胃病学

Nile 尼罗河（位于非洲）

emergency department 急诊科；急诊室

bloody diarrhoea 血性腹泻

abdominal pains 腹痛

Nausea 恶心，晕船；极端的憎恶

stool

n. 凳子；粪便；厕所

vt. 引诱，诱捕

vi. 长新枝；分檗

As this stool moves through the colon, the organ siphons off most of the water it contains, transforming it from liquid to solid. 随着这些粪便在结肠中移动，结肠会吸取出其中的大部分水分，把它从液体转为固体。

bacterial infections 细菌感染

pick up 捡起；获得；收拾；（汽车；飞机）乘载；不费力地学会

Antibiotic 抗生素，抗菌素

nasal tissues 鼻腔组织

far from unique 并非特例

• Covid-19的多副面孔(.pdf(230.87k)