迷走神经刺激可以通过调节免疫系统来改善自身免疫性疾病，例如类风湿性关节炎。目前尚未探究其对1型糖尿病的治疗功效，部分原因是未找到连接至小鼠胰淋巴结（pLN）的神经。

研究人员绘制了连接到小鼠胰腺和pLN的神经图谱，并使用微创外科手术程序将微囊电极植入神经上。胰腺神经电刺激（PNES）导致pLN中B和T细胞β-肾上腺素受体介导的累积，并降低了脂多糖刺激后促炎性细胞因子的产生。与假对照组相比，自身反应性T细胞在接受PNES的小鼠的pLN中显示出增殖的减少。在自身免疫性糖尿病的自发小鼠模型中，PNES能够抑制糖尿病小鼠的疾病进展。

附：英文原文

Title: Pancreatic nerve electrostimulation inhibits recent-onset autoimmune diabetes

Author: Mlanie Guyot, Thomas Simon, Franck Ceppo, Clara Panzolini, Alice Guyon, Julien Lavergne, Emilie Murris, Douglas Daoudlarian, Romain Brusini, Hadi Zarif, Sophie Ablanet, Sandrine Hugues-Ascery, Jean-Louis Divoux, Stephen J. Lewis, Arun Sridhar, Nicolas Glaichenhaus, Philippe Blancou

Issue&Volume: 2019-11-11

Abstract: Vagus nerve stimulation can ameliorate autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis by modulation of the immune system. Its efficacy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes has not been explored, in part because the nerves projecting to the pancreatic lymph nodes (pLNs) in mice are unmapped. Here, we map the nerve projecting to the pancreas and pLNs in mice and use a minimally invasive surgical procedure to implant micro-cuff electrodes onto the nerve. Pancreatic nerve electrical stimulation (PNES) resulted in β-adrenergic receptor-mediated-accumulation of B and T cells in pLNs and reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Autoreactive T cells showed reduced proliferation in pLNs of mice receiving PNES as compared to sham controls. In a spontaneous mouse model of autoimmune diabetes, PNES inhibited disease progression in diabetic mice.

DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0295-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-019-0295-8