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Transfer Buffers
Common buffers used for Western blotting are:

• Towbin system buffer (25 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 192 mM glycine, 20% (v:v) methanol)
• CAPS buffer system (10 mM CAPS pH 10.5, 10% (v:v) methanol)

In most experiments, SDS should be omitted from the Western transfer buffer because the negative charge imparted to proteins can cause them to pass through the membrane. Typically, there is enough SDS associated with the proteins in SDS-PAGE gels to effectively carry them out of the gel and onto the membrane support. For proteins that tend to precipitate, the addition of low concentrations of SDS (<0.01%) may be necessary. It should be noted that adding SDS to the transfer buffer may require optimization of other transfer parameters (e.g., time, current) to prevent over-transfer of the proteins through the membrane (also known as "blowout").
Methanol in the transfer buffer aids in stripping the SDS from proteins in SDS-PAGE gels, increasing their ability to bind to support membranes. However, methanol can inactivate enzymes required for downstream analyses and shrinks the gel and membrane, which may increase the transfer time of large molecular weight proteins (150,000 Da) with poor solubility in methanol. In the absence of methanol, though, protein gels may swell in low ionic strength buffers, and therefore it is recommended to pre-swell gels for 30 minutes to 1 hour to prevent band distortion.
详细见https://www.lifetechnologies.com/cn/zh/home/life-science/protein-biology/protein-biology-learning-center/protein-biology-resource-library/pierce-protein-methods/western-blot-transfer-methods.html