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《全国医学博士英语统一考试历年真题》翻译活动正式运行5之试题解析

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2011年医学博士英语试题阅读理解第5篇，内容如下：
Passage Five
Children are spending an increasing amount of time using computers. Computers are now found in most classrooms, and in the majority of homes, almost always with internet access. However, many studies of children’s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects. This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children,focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.

Computer use may negatively affect the social relationship between children and their parents. Because children spend so much time on computers, they often know more about advanced computer use than their parents. According to Subrahmanyam and his colleagues (2001) this often leads to a role reversal, where the child becomes a teacher to the parent. In other words, it is often the case that a highly computer literate teenager will teach their parents how to use the more complex functions of computer technology.This can lead to a reduction in parental authority. Moreover, with the anonymity of online communication, computer users do not know if they are talking to a child or an adult, so all users are treated equally (Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). Children may then expect the same equality in real life, further contributing to a breakdown in the parent-children relationship (Subrahmanyam et al, 2001).

Children’s peer relationships can also be negatively affected by extensive computer use. Since computers are more likely to be used in isolation by children, they spend little time interacting with their peers (Shields & Behrman, 2001). As a result, children may not develop the social skills they need, or be able to maintain friendships in the real world (Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). With the very extended computer use,this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields & Behrman, 2001).

A disturbing possible effect of computer use on children is the link between computer games and violence. Current research has already documented a strong link between violent films and television and aggressive behavior in children, so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games (Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). However, as Shields Behrman (2001) points out, it is important to note that although the games may affect all children, children who prefer violent games could be most affected.

In conclusion, using a computer,particularly for extended periods, may affect the parent-children relationship in families. It could also result in children not learning the social skills they need to interact with peers and maintain friendships. Moreover, it seems likely that playing violent computer games is linked to violence in children.Although the research is not conclusive, it appears that extended use of computers could have a negative effect on children’s social development.

1. From the very beginning, the author is trying to draw out attention to ______
A. crimes on rise at school
B. a decline in family value
C. the negative effects of children’s overuse of computer
D. the increasing number of investigations on education

2. Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passage?
A. Children become teachers to their parents
B. Parents are fossilized in new technology
C. Children expect for an equal status with their parents
D. Parents’ roles are being shrunk by the computer

3. What does Shield Behrman imply in the passage?
A. Children greatly value the friendship with their peers
B. Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computer
C. Children will in no circumstances be affected by violent games
D. Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result ofplaying computer games in the passage?
A. Alack of social communication
B. Increasing violent performance
C. A decline in intelligence
D. A breakdown in family relationship

5. Where might the passage be taken from?
A. A biography
B. A science fiction
C.A Research periodical
D. Business newspaper

因为没有标准答案，大家尽可能把解析过程说详细，以供相互间探讨，旨在交流学习，共同进步。可同时就题目中遇到难点、疑点等各种问题积极展开讨论，感谢您的支持！！

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2012-08-26 00:43 浏览 : 4422 回复 : 24

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flb002 编辑于 2012-09-06 23:43

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neumarch

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1. From the very beginning, the author is trying to draw out attention to ______
A. crimes on rise at school
B. a decline in family value
C. the negative effects of children’s overuse of computer
D. the increasing number of investigations on education
我的选择：C

理由：This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children,focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.

2. Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passage?
A. Children become teachers to their parents
B. Parents are fossilized in new technology
C. Children expect for an equal status with their parents
D. Parents’ roles are being shrunk by the computer
我的选择：A

理由：In other words, it is often the case that a highly computer literate teenager will teach their parents how to use the more complex functions of computer technology.This can lead to a reduction in parental authority.

3. What does Shield Behrman imply in the passage?
A. Children greatly value the friendship with their peers
B. Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computer
C. Children will in no circumstances be affected by violent games
D. Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games
我的选择：D

理由：Current research has already documented a strong link between violent films and television and aggressive behavior in children, so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games (Subrahmanyam et al, 2001).

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result ofplaying computer games in the passage?
A. Alack of social communication
B. Increasing violent performance
C. A decline in intelligence
D. A breakdown in family relationship
我的选择:C

理由：另3个都有文中内容直接支持

5. Where might the passage be taken from?
A. A biography
B. A science fiction
C.A Research periodical
D. Business newspaper

我的选择：A
理由：This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children,focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.

2012-08-26 07:35

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neumarch 编辑于 2012-08-26 08:31

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xiaoshuba

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1. From the very beginning, the author is trying to draw out attention to ______
A. crimes on rise at school
B. a decline in family value
C. the negative effects of children’s overuse of computer
D. the increasing number of investigations on education
第一段最后一句为本段主题句，就是说这篇文章是讨论孩子过多使用电脑的负面影响的，故选C

2. Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passage?
A. Children become teachers to their parents
B. Parents are fossilized in new technology
C. Children expect for an equal status with their parents
D. Parents’ roles are being shrunk by the computer
孩子使用电脑降低父母权威主要体现在两方面：一是孩子掌握更多先进电脑知识，变成了父母老师，角色互换，降低了父母权威；二是将虚拟世界的人人平等带入现实社会，降低父母权威。但第一个是主要原因，故选A。

3. What does Shield Behrman imply in the passage?
A. Children greatly value the friendship with their peers
B. Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computer
C. Children will in no circumstances be affected by violent games
D. Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games
文中Shield的观点直接引用的有三处：
1. Since computers are more likely to be used in isolation by children, they spend little time interacting with their peers (Shields & Behrman, 2001).
2.With the very extended computer use,this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields & Behrman, 2001).
3.However, as Shields Behrman (2001) points out, it is important to note that although the games may affect all children, children who prefer violent games could be most affected.
A C首先排除，B项过于绝对了，With the very extended computer use才会导致抑郁，不是使用电脑就会抑郁，故选D。

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result ofplaying computer games in the passage?
A. Alack of social communication
B. Increasing violent performance
C. A decline in intelligence
D. A breakdown in family relationship
文中提到的负面影响分别为A B D，C项未提，故选C。

5. Where might the passage be taken from?
A. A biography
B. A science fiction
C.A Research periodical
D. Business newspaper
本文是一个科普类文章，不可能来自于传记、科幻小说和商业报纸，故选C 研究期刊。

2012-08-26 11:17

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1. From the very beginning, the author is trying to draw out attention to ___c___
A. crimes on rise at school
B. a decline in family value
C. the negative effects of children’s overuse of computer
D. the increasing number of investigations on education
文章开篇就提小孩在计算机花费时间增多，带来了坏的影响。
2. Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passage? D
A. Children become teachers to their parents
B. Parents are fossilized in new technology
C. Children expect for an equal status with their parents
D. Parents’ roles are being shrunk by the computer
大人没小孩精通电脑，不能教小孩电脑。
3. What does Shield Behrman imply in the passage? A
A. Children greatly value the friendship with their peers
B. Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computer
C. Children will in no circumstances be affected by violent games
D. Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games
Since computers are more likely to be used in isolation by children, they spend little time interacting with their peers (Shields & Behrman, 2001)， With the very extended computer use,this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields & Behrman, 2001).，as Shields Behrman (2001) points out, it is important to note that although the games may affect all children, children who prefer violent games could be most affected. 这是 Shield Behrman出现的地方，应该在A或C之间，C的意思有点无法理解，猜A。
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result ofplaying computer games in the passage? C
A. Alack of social communication
B. Increasing violent performance
C. A decline in intelligence
D. A breakdown in family relationship
很明显。
5. Where might the passage be taken from? C
A. A biography
B. A science fiction
C.A Research periodical
D. Business newspaper
文章引用了很多别人的数据，期刊的格式。

2012-08-26 20:58

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