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《全国医学博士英语统一考试历年真题》翻译活动试运行之二，试题解析讨论专帖

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2010年医学博士英语试题阅读理解第4篇，内容如下：

Passage Four
Get ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn't involve huffing andpuffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.

The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body's effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. "The smart thing is that we've put them in one machine."

And it's not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition aschildren develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy, And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp's device is safe to use repeatedly.

Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn't fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.

To find out a body's volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject's volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.

There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body's resistance. But this method doesn't take body shape into account -- so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That is because skinny legs -- with a lower cross-sectional area -- will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower -- rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.

Tapp's method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.

1. The new machine is designed ______
A. to picture the body's hidden fat
B. to identify those at risk for obesity
C. to help clinically treat specific cases
D. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects

2. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that ______
A. it performs a dual function
B. it is of great accuracy in measurement
C. it has significant implications in clinical practice
D. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy

3. Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential to spare?
A. A minuscule current.
B. A radioactive tracer.
C, A water tank.
D. All of the above.

4. In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner ______
A. quickens the pace of the patient's rehabilitation
B. is highly appreciated for its safety
C. features its measuring precision
D. is easy to operate in the clinic

5. For scanning, all the subject has to do is ______
A. take up a form of workout in the gym
B. turn round the body fat scanner
C. lie on the electromagnetic field
D. stand in the system

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2012-05-14 19:20 浏览 : 3268 回复 : 14

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qjluo 编辑于 2012-05-14 20:20

• 关于调剂你了解多少？

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本人答案 AADCD，仅个人解答意见，下面给出解题过程。也请大家跟帖讨论

1、设计这台新机器______
A.是为了图片显示人体隐藏的脂肪
B.是为了鉴别那些存在肥胖风险的人
C.是为了在临床上帮助治疗某些特定病例
D.是为了精确检测与肥胖相关的危险因素

选择A。本题为推断题，考点为全文主旨句，即，第一段第2句，“Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat.”机器在检测你身体脂肪的时候，你需要做的只是站着不动等30秒钟。可见，这台机器是用来检测人体脂肪，故而选择A项。
B、D两项犯了无中生有的错误，即文中根本没提到。C项犯了概念偷换的错误，第一段最后1句提到“If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.”如果人体脂肪扫描仪结果被证明是足够精确的话，它的制造者希望将来有一天它可以帮助医生鉴别疾病。可见这台机器只是设计用来检测人体脂肪，并非为某些特定病患设计，目前也没有用于临床。

2、根据Tapp的观点，这个设备的优点是______
A.它具有一种双重功能
B.它在检测方面极为精确
C.它在临床实践中具有重要意义
D.它有助于人体解剖学的发展

选择A。本题为推断题，考点为长句，即，第二段最后2句，“Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. "The smart thing is that we've put them in one machine."”这两个都不属于它自己的新技术方法，其厉害的地方是我们将这两种方法整合到了一个机器上。可见，Tapp认为这个设备的优点是它具有一种双重功能。从第二段第1句可以看出，两种技术分别是“simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body 实时组建精确的人体3D影像”和“measuring the body's effect on an electromagnetic field 检测人体对电磁场的影响”。
B项犯了概念偷换的错误，文章最后一段虽然提到Tapp的设备在检测方面更为精准，但这显然是作者的观点，而题干指出“根据Tapp的观点”。C、D两项犯了无中生有的错误，即文中根本没提到。

3、根据这篇文章，下列哪项是这台机器有可能省去的？
A.微电流
B.放射性示踪剂
C.水箱
D.以上都是

选择D。本题为推断题。文章第四、五、六段分别讲述了不同于the body fat scanner 的另外两种人体脂肪含量测定方法。有一种方法用到了“radioactive tracer 放射性示踪剂”和“submerged in water 身体在水中浸没”。还有一种方法用到了“minuscule current 微电流”。题干问Tapp的机器可能不需要的是什么，故选择D项
A、B、C三项犯了张冠李戴的错误，此三项均是与Tapp的机器不相干的内容，仅与另外两种方法有关。

4、与文中提到的那些技术相比，人体脂肪扫描仪______
A.加快病人康复的进程
B.因其安全性而备受称赞
C.以检测精准为其特征
D.在诊所里易于操作

选择C。本题为推断题，考点为长句，即，文章最后一段，“Tapp's method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.”Tapp的检测手段使用了类似的计算方法，但因为该机器会告知你哪里是重量猛增的地方，所以它更为精准。文章第四、五段讲述了一种间接测定人体脂肪含量的方法，即通过“body volume 人体体积”和“ water content 水分含量”来计算“fat content 脂肪含量”，“water content ”可通过“radioactive tracer 放射性示踪剂”的方法获得（第四段）；“body volume ”可通过“submerged in water 浸没在水里”的方法获得（第五段），但该方法有不足之处。文章第六段讲述了一种直接测定人体脂肪含量的方法，即通过“passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet 在手腕和脚部之间穿经一束微电流的方法”，但该方法也有不足之处。题干重点突出了“与文中提及的技术相比”，显然，Tapp的方法也是一种直接测量法，虽“uses similar calculations 用到了类似的计算方法”，但与微电流测定法相比而言，它“more sophisticated 更精准”,because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.故而选择C项。
A、D两项犯了无中生有的错误，即文中根本没提到。B项犯了概念偷换的错误，第三段最后1句提到“And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp's device is safe to use repeatedly.”因为它使用的是无线电波而不是X射线，所以Tapp的设备重复使用是安全的。而题干重点强调“与文中提及的技术相比”，在安全性方面，文中其实并没有拿Tapp的设备与其他技术或设备作比较。

5、为了扫描，所有受试者都必须______
A.在健身房里参与一种健身训练
B.转动人体脂肪扫描仪
C.躺在电子磁场中
D.站在这套系统里

选择D。本题为细节辨析题，考点为全文主旨句，即，第一段第2句，“Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat.”机器在检测你身体脂肪的时候，你需要做的只是站着不动等30秒钟。
A、B、C三项犯了无中生有的错误，即文中根本没提到。

2012-05-14 19:25

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• 且亭读医笔记：进展性脑卒中

qjluo

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我来占个位！

等会我整理下翻译活动中站友的答案，我们可集中对其中有争议的答案进行点评。

另外部分站友已经在翻译时对答案进行了分析，建议各位将关于解析的内容转过来！

谢谢支持！

整理的站友在翻译时提供的答案如下表（或附件），共站友解析时参考！

站友		题目答案
站友		第一题	第二题	第三题	第四题	第五题
1	huanglan331	A	A	A	C	D
2	chinaherbfans	C	A	D	D	D
3	xxll2006	A	A	D	C	D
4	lanseyaoji	B	A	D	C	D
5	trtcm	A	A	D	C	C
6	wanskill	A	B	D	C	D
7	niren74	A	C	A	C	D
8	灵舞	A	A	B	C	D
9	sjtuwalker	D	A	D	C	D
10	wssd1	A	A	D	C	D
11	fangfen2013	B	C	D	C	D
12	niu-niu	A	B	D	C	D
13	蓝色郁金香1999	A	A	D	C	D
14	zt5518304	A	A	B	C	D
15	zhengxk
16	greenecho	A	A	D	C	D
17	高山灵芝	A	A	D	B	D
18	zhihui_li
19	xiaoyan0626	D	C	D	D	D
总结：		A：12/17 B：2/17 C: 1/17 D: 2/17	A：12/17 B：2/17 C: 3/17 D: 0/17	A：2/17 B：2/17 C: 0/17 D: 13/17	A：0/17 B：1/17 C: 14/17 D: 2/17	A：0/17 B：0/17 C: 1/17 D: 16/17

站友答案总结.doc(51.5k)

2012-05-14 20:32

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qjluo 编辑于 2012-05-14 21:03

• 冠状病毒-宿主免疫互作的全景动态机制与干预策略重大研究计划2021年度项目指南

yushukui

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qjluo
我来占个位！

等会我整理下翻译活动中站友的答案，我们可集中对其中有争议的答案进行点评。

另外部分站友已经在翻译时对答案进行了分析，建议各位将关于解析的内容转过来！

谢谢支持！

感谢版主的辛苦统计，此工作很有意义，可用来参照制定标准答案，非常好的想法！！

另外，战友们对于试题的讨论，请来此贴跟帖进行，翻译阶段仅给出答案即可，每次翻译进入讨论阶段后，都会同时开设试题解析讨论专版。

感谢诸位的支持此！！

2012-05-14 21:29

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