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【专题讨论】素食的抗癌作用

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素食的代谢组学研究支持抗癌作用

Pettersson J, Karlsson PC, Choi YH, Verpoorte R, Rafter JJ, Bohlin L. NMR metabolomic analysis of fecal water from subjects on a vegetarian diet. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Jun;31(6):1192-8.

A vegetarian diet rich in phytochemicals may prevent colon carcinogenesis by affecting biochemical processes in the colonic mucosa. Compounds passing the digestive system reaching the colon could potentially be detected in fecal water. We previously reported that intact fecal water samples from human volunteers significantly decreased prostaglandin production and COX-2 protein expression in colonic cells. The aim with the present study was to further study the composition of the fecal waters, using NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis, and to trace the COX-2 inhibiting activity. Intact fecal water samples and fractions thereof were analyzed for their ability to inhibit prostaglandin E2 production in the human colon cell line HT-29. The majority of the tested aqueous phases derived from intact fecal water showed ability to inhibit prostaglandin production in cells (13.8+/-1.34% inhibition, p=0.01). NMR analysis indicated the presence of significant quantities of amino acids and fatty acids. Major metabolites included; acetic acid, butanoic acid, propanoic acid, glutamic acid and alanine. Smaller amounts of glycine and fumaric acid, which are known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties, were also detected. This study describes for the first time NMR metabolomic analysis of fecal water from subjects on a vegetarian diet.

http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/31/6/1192/_pdf

NMR.pdf(138.23k)

2009-05-14 10:46

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liutcy 编辑于 2009-05-14 10:56

• 北医三院张煜医生揭露肿瘤治疗黑幕：患者人财两空，多因医生肆意妄为

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在当前甲型H1N1流感流行的季节，人们可能关心素食可否影响免疫能力。下面的研究表明，素食不影响免疫能力

Haddad EH, Berk LS, Kettering JD, Hubbard RW, Peters WR. Dietary intake and biochemical, hematologic, and immune status of vegans compared with nonvegetarians. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;70(3 Suppl):586S-593S.Dietary and nutritional status of individuals habitually consuming a vegan diet was evaluated by biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic measures in comparison with a nonvegetarian group. On the basis of 4-d dietary records, the intake of female and male vegans tended to be lower in fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and cholesterol and higher in dietary fiber than that of vegetarians. With computed food and supplement intakes, vegan diets provided significantly higher amounts of ascorbate, folate, magnesium, copper, and manganese in both female and male participants. The body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) of the vegans was significantly lower than that of the nonvegetarians and 9 of the 25 vegans had a BMI <19. Serum ferritin concentrations were significantly lower in vegan men but iron and zinc status did not differ between the sexes. Mean serum vitamin B-12 and methylmalonic acid concentrations did not differ; however, 10 of the 25 vegans showed a vitamin B-12 deficit manifested by macrocytosis, circulating vitamin B-12 concentrations <150 pmol/L, or serum methylmalonic acid >376 nmol/L. Vegans had significantly lower leukocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts and lower concentrations of complement factor 3 and blood urea nitrogen but higher serum albumin concentrations. Vegans did not differ from nonvegetarians in functional immunocompetence assessed as mitogen stimulation or natural killer cell cytotoxic activity. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/70/3/586S

Link LB, Hussaini NS, Jacobson JS. Change in quality of life and immune markers after a stay at a raw vegan institute: a pilot study. Complement Ther Med. 2008 Jun;16(3):124-30. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore changes in quality of life (QOL), anxiety, stress, and immune markers after a stay at a raw vegan institute. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: English-speaking attendees at Hippocrates Health Institute (Florida, US), a raw vegan institute, were recruited on arrival and typically stayed 1-3 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed questionnaires assessing overall QOL (SF-36), dietary QOL (QOL related to dietary change), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety, and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) upon arrival and 12 weeks later. C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocytes, T cells, CD4 cells, CD8 cells, B cells, and NK cells were measured at baseline and 12 weeks in participants living in North America. RESULTS: Of 107 attendees eligible for the questionnaire study and 82 for the blood marker substudy, 51 and 38 participants, respectively, provided complete follow-up data. Overall QOL improved 11.5% (p=0.001), driven mostly by the mental component. Anxiety decreased 18.6% (p=0.009) and perceived stress decreased 16.4% (p<0.001). Participants' ratings of the food's taste were unchanged, but their ratings of how well they were taking care of themselves improved. CRP, lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells did not change significantly, but CD4, CD8, and NK cells decreased slightly. CONCLUSIONS: A stay at a raw vegan institute was associated with improved mental and emotional QOL. Studies are needed to determine the feasibility of conducting a clinical trial of the raw vegan diet among healthy people, and subsequently among patients with specific diseases.

Richter EA, Kiens B, Raben A, Tvede N, Pedersen BK. Immune parameters in male atheletes after a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet and a mixed Western diet. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 May;23(5):517-21. The influence of a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet versus a meat-rich Western diet on in vitro measures of immune function was studied in eight male endurance athletes. Subjects consumed two different diets for 2 x 6 wk, separated by 4 wk on an ad libitum diet, in a cross-over design. Both diets consisted of 57 energy % (E%) carbohydrates, 14 E% protein and 29 E% fat. One diet was a mixed meat-rich diet (M) prepared with 69% animal protein sources, whereas the other diet (V) was a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet prepared with 82% vegetable protein sources. Blood for determination of leukocyte subpopulations and in vitro function was collected at the end of each diet period 36 h after the last training bout. Fiber content and P/S ratio of fatty acids were twice as high on the V diet as on the M diet. Training volume was similar on the two diets, and maximal aerobic capacity did not change during diet periods. The number of CD3+ (pan T-cells), CD8+ (mainly T suppressor cells), CD4+ (mainly T helper cells), CD16+ (natural killer cells), and CD14+ (monocytes) was similar after the two different diets. Similarly, proliferations of mononuclear cells after stimulation with interleukin-2 (IL-2), phytohemagglutinin, and purified derivative of tuberculin (PPD), as well as activity of natural killer cells in the unstimulated state and after stimulation with IL-2, indomethacin, and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), were identical after the two diet periods.

2009-05-14 10:53

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liutcy 编辑于 2009-05-14 11:07

• 山东一乡镇卫生院院长荣获全国脱贫攻坚先进个人荣誉称号

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在鼻腔黏膜上存在细菌与宿主的平衡（附录一）。Peterson等人（2008）发现，血液中阿普脂蛋白B是维持金色葡萄糖球菌与宿主平衡的关键，阿普脂蛋白B水平降低，感染就会发生。素食者的阿普脂蛋白B低于杂食者【用apolipoprotein B[Title/Abstract] AND (vegetarian*[Title/Abstract] OR vegan*[Title/Abstract])可以在PubMed查到5篇论文，一篇论文没有差异，四篇论文都是素食者低于杂食者】，发生感染的机会要高一些。对于侵入鼻腔内的流感病毒（附录二），也许存在类似的平衡，例如由免疫内稳态（ISH）来维持。宿主免疫功能远离ISH，流感就会发生。鼻腔内低强度激光照射（附录三）可以康复宿主的ISH，因此，对感冒有预防作用。

在肠道存在细菌与宿主的平衡（附录一）。Clarke等人（2006）发现，细菌上有应激激素的受体。宿主应激可以提升细菌的毒力。不能控制自己情绪的人容易细菌感染，如果受伤则容易得败血症。素食则可以改善情绪的控制力（Link et al 2008），也可以改善肠道的生态环境，降低细菌的毒力。

附录一【科普】细菌社会与宿主的战争
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/thread/14632901

附录二【medical-news】人类社会对甲型HIN!流感没有免疫力？可以预防疫区的“范跑跑”？
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/thread/14632951

附录三【病例讨论】流鼻水的原因
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/thread/14516715

参考文献

Clarke MB, Hughes DT, Zhu C, Boedeker EC, Sperandio V. 2006. The QseC sensor kinase: a bacterial adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 5;103(27):10420-5. Epub 2006 Jun 27. Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism in which bacteria respond to hormone-like molecules called autoinducers (AIs). The AI-3 quorum-sensing system is also involved in interkingdom signaling with the eukaryotic hormones epinephrine/norepinephrine. This signaling activates transcription of virulence genes in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. However, this signaling system has never been shown to be involved in virulence in vivo, and the bacterial receptor for these signals had not been identified. Here, we show that the QseC sensor kinase is a bacterial receptor for the host epinephrine/norepinephrine and the AI-3 produced by the gastrointestinal microbial flora. We also found that an alpha-adrenergic antagonist can specifically block the QseC response to these signals. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a qseC mutant is attenuated for virulence in a rabbit animal model, underscoring the importance of this signaling system in virulence in vivo. Finally, an in silico search found that the periplasmic sensing domain of QseC is conserved among several bacterial species. Thus, QseC is a bacterial adrenergic receptor that activates virulence genes in response to interkingdom cross-signaling. We anticipate that these studies will be a starting point in understanding bacterial-host hormone signaling at the biochemical level. Given the role that this system plays in bacterial virulence, further characterization of this unique signaling mechanism may be important for developing novel classes of antimicrobials.http://www.pnas.org/content/103/27/10420.long

Link LB, Hussaini NS, Jacobson JS. 2008. Change in quality of life and immune markers after a stay at a raw vegan institute: a pilot study. Complement Ther Med. 2008 Jun;16(3):124-30. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore changes in quality of life (QOL), anxiety, stress, and immune markers after a stay at a raw vegan institute. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: English-speaking attendees at Hippocrates Health Institute (Florida, US), a raw vegan institute, were recruited on arrival and typically stayed 1-3 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed questionnaires assessing overall QOL (SF-36), dietary QOL (QOL related to dietary change), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety, and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) upon arrival and 12 weeks later. C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocytes, T cells, CD4 cells, CD8 cells, B cells, and NK cells were measured at baseline and 12 weeks in participants living in North America. RESULTS: Of 107 attendees eligible for the questionnaire study and 82 for the blood marker substudy, 51 and 38 participants, respectively, provided complete follow-up data. Overall QOL improved 11.5% (p=0.001), driven mostly by the mental component. Anxiety decreased 18.6% (p=0.009) and perceived stress decreased 16.4% (p<0.001). Participants' ratings of the food's taste were unchanged, but their ratings of how well they were taking care of themselves improved. CRP, lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells did not change significantly, but CD4, CD8, and NK cells decreased slightly. CONCLUSIONS: A stay at a raw vegan institute was associated with improved mental and emotional QOL. Studies are needed to determine the feasibility of conducting a clinical trial of the raw vegan diet among healthy people, and subsequently among patients with specific diseases.

Peterson MM, Mack JL, Hall PR, Alsup AA, Alexander SM, Sully EK, Sawires YS, Cheung AL, Otto M, Gresham HD.Apolipoprotein B Is an innate barrier against invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection.Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Dec 11;4Devil:555-66. Staphylococcus aureus is both a colonizer of humans and a cause of severe invasive infections. Although the genetic basis for phenotype switching from colonizing to invasive has received significant study, knowledge of host factors that antagonize the switch is limited. We show that VLDL and LDL lipoproteins interfere with this switch by antagonizing the S. aureus agr quorum-sensing system that upregulates genes required for invasive infection. The mechanism of antagonism entails binding of the major structural protein of these lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B, to an S. aureus autoinducing pheromone, preventing attachment of this pheromone to the bacteria and subsequent signaling through its receptor, AgrC. Mice deficient in plasma apolipoprotein B, either genetically or pharmacologically, are more susceptible to invasive agr+ bacterial infection, but not to infection with an agr deletion mutant. Therefore, apolipoprotein B at homeostatic levels in blood is an essential innate defense effector against invasive S. aureus infection.

2009-05-14 15:30

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liutcy 编辑于 2009-05-14 16:20

• 二本双非上岸985，考研西综264经验分享，欢迎学弟学妹咨询备考问题

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【medical-news】科学家用绿色蔬菜来对付黑色素瘤
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=14637683&sty=1&tpg=3&age=0

【科普】合理饮食，让你拥有一颗“坚强”的心
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=14672616&sty=1&tpg=2&age=0

【科普】饮食可以降低前列腺癌的发生率
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=14790301&sty=1&tpg=1&age=0

【medical-news】红肉与癌：关系密切
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=14929994&sty=1&tpg=2&age=0

【Diabetes Care】吃鸡蛋与得糖尿病的风险
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=15047726&sty=1&tpg=2&age=0

【科普】蔬菜水果摄入有助于提高人体抗氧化物水平和认知能力
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=15581418&sty=1&tpg=1&age=0

【medical-news】致命的合作: 幽门螺杆菌与泡菜或熏肉
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=15452540&sty=3&age=0&tpg=1&ppg=1#15452540

【medical-news】【资讯翻译】肉中使用抗生素影响腊肠安全性
http://news.dxy.cn/bbs/topic/23854883

【medical-news】AD研究发现高蛋白饮食使模型小鼠大脑缩小
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=15817011&sty=1&tpg=1&age=0

【bio-news】垃圾食品饲养的实验鼠有着“吸毒成瘾”的大脑
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=16852356&sty=1&tpg=1&age=0

【bio-news】龙眼中的一株戊糖片球菌LP28可以大幅度缓解高脂饮食大鼠的代谢综合征
http://news.dxy.cn/bbs/topic/22390920

2009-05-23 15:11

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liutcy 编辑于 2012-09-19 08:07

• 2021年外科主治为什么要出这么难？要体现出题老师的水平？？

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